-
non-metal to non-metal
covalent
-
-
Valence or Valence electrons
number of dots around the atom
Valence electrons
-
Valence or Valence electrons
number of single dots around the atom
valence
-
has same formula but different chemical structure
isomer
-
gain of oxygen atoms
oxidatioin
-
increasing order of wavelength on electromagnetic spectrum
- xray, ultraviolet, violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, infrared, microwave and radio
- (increasing is backwards of ROY G BIV)
-
acids can be identified by this characteristic property
acids give a low pH in water
-
mixture of organic compounds as in coal, petroleum, and natural gases
fossil fuels
-
2- methyl pentane and 3-methyl pentane
isomers
-
starch, protein, and nuclear acids
biopolymers
-
white phosphorus and red phosphorus
allotropes
-
barium-140 and barium-141
isotopes
-
ethylene, amino acids, and monosaccharide sugars
monomers
-
polypropylene and plystyrene
plastics
-
Proteins are..
polypeptides
-
....are the monomers to make proteins
amino acids
-
desctruction of the promary level of protein structures is called...
hydrolysis
-
the winding of a protein chain having apha and beta sections into a globular structure is called..
tertiary
-
RNA nucleotides are
base-ribose-phosphate groups
-
DNA adenine pairs with
thymine
-
in hene expression one amino acid is coded for by..
three nucleotides
-
RNA synthesis is called..
transcription
-
Polymers are all
macromelecules
-
-
Monomers for plastics are usually synthesized from
fossil fuels
-
Hydrogren bonds are stronger than..
london forces
-
condensation of monomers requires
removal of water
-
-
1st law of thermodynamics
energy can not be created or destroyed
-
a monomer is a small molecule that can react to form a polymer. After reaction the monomer becomes one repeating unit in the many-unit chain
monomer residue
-
Since all elements are made of hydrogen all atomic weights should be integers
Prouts hypothesis
-
a different structural form of the same element in the same phase
allotrope
-
The chemisty is quantum mechanics is based on the assumption that:
each electron is a wave
-
according to Niels Bohr, light is only given off by an atom when an electron
jumps down to a lower energy level
-
Why are the values of the atomic weights usually not integers
they are usually the average of the masses of two or more isotopes
-
When heated atoms of a gaseous element give off a
bright line spectrum
-
a salt
ions but neither H+ and OH-
-
energy cant be created of destroyed
1st law of thermodynamics
-
Matter cant be created or destroyed
law of conservation of matter
-
energy is always dissipated to less useful forms
second law of thermodynamics
-
atoms combine in small, integer ratios to make compounds
law of definite proportions
-
the elements arranged by atomic weight show repeating patterns
periodic law
-
when 2 elements can combine to form more than one compound the weights of one element that can combine with the same weight of the second element are in the ratio of small integers
law of multiple proportions
-
aqueos solution especially with a salt
corrosion
-
aqueous solution T>250C but <1000C at 1 atm P
hydrolysis
-
-
-
H2 and hydrogen-rich conditions
reduction
-
free radical initiator
addition polymerization
-
a relatively small reactive molecule that can be used to make polymers
monomer
-
elements that almost always lose electrons when forming compounds are
metals
-
Whats wrong with CFCS
too unreactive in teh troposphere
-
whats wrong with freons
too unreactive
-
normal temperature and pressure freons are
gaseous
-
most essential components found in every virus
nucleic acids and proteins
-
not a colloidal despersion
saltwater
-
in humans, chromosomes are composed of
double-stranded DNA and histone proteins
-
one gene----1 polypeptide chain
one codon----1 amino acid
3 nucleotides----1 amino acid
3 bases----1 amino acid
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