MIDDLE EAST REVIEW

The small nation established by the United Nations in 1948 as a homeland for Jews from all over the world.

The engineered waterway that separates Africa from Asia and connects the Mediterranean and Red seas.

The organization that has complete control of both the production and pricing of oil exports.

A major producer of oil, and the country that exports more oil than any other country in the world.

The resource in such demand today that countries producing it have much influence on regional and world affairs.

A method of land reclamation used in Israel in which open hilly land is converted into forest by planting trees.

One of the most industrialized countries in the Middle East, advanced by European ideas and technology.

The resource that is in short supply but is greatly needed for development of agricultural lands.

An arm of the Arabian Sea, lying between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.

The small nation on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea that is the most developed country in the Middle East.

The small peninsula between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, belonging to Egypt, but part of the Asian continent.

The two rivers that rise in Turkey and flow through Iraq into the Persian Gulf, forming a wide plain.

The dam built across the Nile River as part of a huge irrigation project, which has greatly increased Egyptian agricultural production.

The great, desolate expanse across North Africa that separates the Mediterranean Arab countries from the rest of Africa.

The long body of water between Saudi Arabia and northeast Africa.

A series of roughly parallel ranges located on the northwest coast of Africa that block moisture from reaching the Sahara Desert.

The followers of Islam, a major religion that has flourished in many diverse climatic, cultural, and ethnic regions of the world.

The city holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, which continues to be a source of conflict between Arabs and Israelis.

Semi-nomadic tribes, consisting of non-Arab Muslims, who have fought for years to establish an autonomous  territory in northern Iraq.

Group of Muslims who favored leaders (caliphs) chosen only from Muhammad's own family.

Number of times per day Muslims must pray.

Group of Muslims who favored electing any eligible, pious Muslim as leader (caliph).

Pilgrimage to Mecca

The most holy city of the Muslims, whose chief industry is the care of pilgrims whose religion urges a visit to it at least once in a lifetime.

Empire that joined Germany and Austria in November 1914 to fight the Allied Forces during World War I.