enlarged thyroid that produces an overabundance of thyroid hormone
The anti-thyroid drugs are used to treat for hyperthyroidism?
methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU)
6-N-propylthiouracil (PROP)
The medications provide prompt relief but cannot be used as ?
permanent treatment.
What is used to treat symptoms including tremors or palpations?
Beta‑blockers- propranolol
What is the most widely recommended permanent treatment for Graves?
Radioactive iodine
Women should avoid _____________ for six to 12 months post-treatment.
pregnancy
Men should consider __________________ prior to treatment with radioactive iodine.
sperm banking
Thyroid function is especially important during the first 2-14 weeks of pregnancy when fetal brain development is dependent on maternal thyroid hormone
Maternal increased risks with Hyperthyroidism
Preeclampsia
Pre-term delivery
Placental abruption
Postpartum hemorrhage
SAB
Neonatal increased risks - hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
Low birth weight
Perinatal death/stillbirth
hyperthyroidism in pregnancy - Children born with
Adverse effects in cognition, intellect and motor development
Impairment in neuropsychological development?
IQ scores and school learning abilities
Heart failure
Low birth weight
Neonatal thyroid dysfunction
Perinatal death/stillbirth
Placental abruption
Preeclampsia
Pre-term delivery
SAB
Thyroid storm
Thyroid function test results change during pregnancy due to the?
hCG and estrogen hormones.
Being a glycoprotein hormone, hCG is produced during pregnancy by the ?
developing embryo soon after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast.
Glycoprotein hormone acts as a weak thyroid stimulator, causing ________________ in the first trimester.
a drop in TSH
After the drop in TSH, TSH returns to normal throughout the ?
duration of pregnancy
If TSH is above ________ in early pregnancy, it may be indicative of subclinical hypothyroidism, which can be defined as an elevated TSH with normal free T4
2.3 mIU/L
Because there are no universal reference ranges for thyroid function tests in pregnancy, TSH may be in the nonpregnant, normal range.
However, the normal drop in TSH with pregnancy needs to be considered