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The Land: Our Sanctuary
- The Tabernacle/Temple as Sanctuary
- The Garden as Sanctuary
- The Land as Sanctuary
- Orientation: East
- Guardians: Cherubim, Seraphim
- The Flora: Temple floral design
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The Land: Our Place of Abundance
- The Garden of Abundance:
- The river, The precious stones, The joy and gladness
- The Temple of Abundance:
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The river, The precious metals - The Land of Abundance:
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The river, A good land, A land flowing with milk and honey
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Land Flowing with Milk & Honey
- Ezekiel 20:6
- Topography of ANE:
- Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, Land Bridge
- Topography of Palestinian Levant:
- Water features (Mediterranean,Sea of Galilee, Jordan, Gulf of Aqaba), longitudinal zones (coast-mountain-valley-mountain-desert), dimensions (250X80)
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Climate of Israel
- Wet season
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unstable & unpredictable - Dry season
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stable - Transitional periods
- east wind
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Agricultural (Israel)
- Agricultural cycle - no irrigation
- Season of plowing and planting - early, heavy, late rains
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Season of harvesting - Grain, grape, olive
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Festivals
- The associations - history of redemption, agricultural yr
- The names
- - Exodus 23:14-17 (unleavened bread, harvest, ingathering)
- - Leviticus 23:4-22, 33-44 (passover/unleavened bread/ first fruits, weeks, tabernacles)
- The fulfillments1. Passover & passion of Christ
- 2. Weeks & Pentecost
- 3. Tabernacles & Marriage Supper of the Lamb
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Archaeology
The recovery and understanding of humankind's history through the study of physical remains and material culture such as bones, pottery, ornaments, weapons and architecture. - DANE
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Tell/Tel
- An artificial mound on low hill formed from the successive remains of ancient settlements (location: water, on defense)
- EX. Azekah; Beth Shean
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Stratigraphy
- CONCEPT- the process of studying the layers in a tell
- a. layer method
- b. tranch method
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Archaeology can
corroborate the general historicity and reliability of the biblical record BUT CANNOT prove theology, although it can illustrate biblical text
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Theology-
The Nature of Canaanite Religion
- Eucharitic texts and languages
- Chief Deities:
- El "god"
- Asherah
- Baal
- Yamm
- Anat
- Mot
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The Baal - storm god
- Baal vs Yamm - He won because he calmed the sea and brought the rain
- House Building - so he has a house to reign in - with windows so rain can come out
- Baal vs Mot - Battle at the beginning of the dry season & Mot wins but Anat rescues Baal and they go fight Yamm
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The temptation of the Canaanite Religion
- Numbers 25:1-9
- 1Kings 17-18
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The Old Testament Canon
- English Divisions:
- Law
- History
- Poetry
- Prophecy
- Hebrew Divisions:
- Law
- Prophets
- Writing
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The Old Testament Canon - Law
- English law (Pentateuch) & Hebrew Law (Torah):
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
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The Old Testament Canon - English History & Hebrew Prophets
- English History:
- Joshua-Esther
- Hebrew Prophets:
- Former: Joshua-Kings minus Ruth
- Later: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel & 12 little
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Hebrew Primary History
Genesis to Kings (minus Ruth) - following orderly with literary and theological unit
*Deuteronomy is the hinge
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Theological Principles in Israel OT
- Gen. - Garden
- Ex. - Egypt
- Lev. - Mt. Sinai
- Num. - Moab
- Deut.
- Josh. - Conquest of Jericho
- Judges - neg. story of living in Jericho
- Sam. - people getting Kings
- Kgs. - Babylonian captivity
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Genesis
- Blessing for the nations
- Genesis 12:1-3
- (11 sub-sections)
- BRK - bless (88x in OT)
- Empowered for abundant living - children & wealth
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Exodus
- Rescue and Relationship
- Exodus 20:1-3 "I am the Lord your God"
- Rescue: (1-18) out of Egypt through wilderness
- Relationship: (19-40) principles & presence
Focus is on relationship (holy time, broken relationship, renewed relationship, holy time)
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Leviticus
- Holiness
- Leviticus 19:1-2
- structure:
- holiness in God's presence (1-16)
- holiness in daily living (17-27)
- message:call to holiness, abundance
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Numbers
- Human failings and Divine Faithfulness
- Numbers 24:1
- structure:preparing to enter the land
- Sinai to Paran
- preparing to enter the land
- Kadesh to Moab
- preparing to enter the land
- message:Human failings (complaint stories & rebellion stories & divine faithfulness)
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Aaron's benediction
Numbers 6:22-27 - perfect blessing - May God empower you to experience a life of peace
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Deuteronomy
- Renewing Loyalty and Love
- Deut. 6:4-5 - The ShemaThe structure:Motivated by God's grace in past
- Guided by God's instructions for life
- Inspired by God's consequences for choices
- Motivated by God's grace for the future
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The Shema
Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. And these words that I command you today shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in yuour house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise.
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Joshua
- Inheriting the promise
- Joshua 23:14
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- Conquering the land (1-12)
- Distributing the land (13-22)
- message:God is faithful to fulfill his promise through loyalty and love
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Judges
- The need for a King
- Judges 21:25
- structure:the roots of apostasy (1-3:6)
- downwardn spiral (3:7-16:31)
- results onnf apostasy (17:11:25)
- concentric patternOthniel
- Ehud & a minor judge
- Deborah
- Gideon
- Abimelech & two minor
- Jephthah & 3
- Samso
- Message: rots of apostasy
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Samuel
- The Rise of the Kingdom
- 2 Samuel 7:19b (for the benefit of humanity)
- The structure & Message:The prolog: The Lord, the great reverser
- ex. Hannah who was barren has Samuel
- The narrative:Through Samuel, the Lord sets up the monarchy
- Because of Saul, the Lord rejects the first monarch
- David: the Lord establishes the monarchy
- (The Lord protects, blesses, exiles, and restores David)Chaism: trouble-deliverance-praise-praise-deliverance-trouble
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Kings
- The demise of the kingdom
- 2 Kings 17:7-8
- The structure:the kingdom united under Solomon
- the kingdom divided in two
- the kingdom of the south alone
- the message:demise through disobedience
- - King Manasseh (sin & judgment)
- Any hope?
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The Chronicler's history
- Restoring the Kingdom (same text, different audience)
- Jewish traditionb-Ezra
- Ezra>Nehemiah>Chronicles (Hebrew "writings")
- 19th century proposalsalconnected history
- most scholars follow suit
- Modern Consensusseparate works
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Chronicler's Operating assumption
- A single, intentional narrative
- Ezra and Chronicles are tied together
- common themes:temple construction and reconstructioncelebration of passover
- priority of the written word
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Chronicles
- "Bible Study"presenting anidealized history to encourage its possibility
- 2 Chronicles 7:14
- humble, pray, seek, turn, heal, forgive
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Chronicles Setting:
Spirituality was finding piety in Bible, not Temple
- Synagogue: low church
- Temple: High Church
- from liturgical to scriptures
- 539 bcTo the post exilic community in Judah (is God still interested)
- God is always ready to restore people to His presence, so this was written to encourage the people to trust and obey.
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Chronicles themes:
- The people of God (all Israel)
- The institutions of God (kingship is davidic & temple)
- The blessing of God (living ini God's word, following David & Solomon)
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2 Chronicles 33:1-20
- Manasseh:
- sin
- judgment in exile
- repentance
- restoration
- reign
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Ezra-Nehemiah
- Rebuilding God's House
- Ezra 1:2
- unity: treated as one ancient tradition, divided in two ater on(185-253 AD)
- Outline:return of exiles and rebuilding of the temple
- return of Ezra & rebuilding of the community
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Ezra-Nehemiah Themes
The word of God is the moving force
- The rebuilding of the house of God
- The people of God as a whole, not just the great leaders are vital for accomplishing the objectives
- The written word is a powerful force used by God to accomplish his objective
- purpose: God works sovereignly through responsible human agents to accomplish his objective
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Ezra 7:10
- DeterminationDetermination to study the word, live the word, teach the word
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Psalms
- Chapter 1&2 as an introductions with no titles
- (blessed, perish+way, meditate)
- holy and happy - children's catechismas instruction (not hymnal)
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The Psalms
- A happy life
- Blessedness is opposite of perishing
- (ashrey (aleph) - tobed (tav))
- Blessedness is the same as happiness (Ps112:1)
- A promise of success
- (consentricly arranged)
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tsalach
- more than prosper
- setting goals and reaching them; God's Word always succeeds
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The Psalms - holy life
- A holy life
- a call to delight in the Lord's instructionTorah means instruction (found in Moses & Psalms) - 5 books (Ps.1-41;42-72;73-89;90-106;107-150)
- a call to meditate on the Lord's instruction
- avoiding the wrong advice and absorbing the right advice meditate with your mouth & your heart
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The Book of Proverbs
- Prov. 1:1-7
- Self-contained unit with three sub-sections
- structure:title, purpose, theme
- message:proverbs; Solomon; king of Israel
- purpose:
- The substance of wisdom, the expression of wisdom
- "The fear of the Lord" (v7)
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cognitive thoughts - affective/emotions
- volitional/will
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My servants the prophets:
The nature of the prophetic books
- Jeremiah 7:25
- day after day, again and again I sent you my servants the prophets
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The prophet's job
- Prophet -to speak before or predict or proclaim (Greek: prophatase; Hebrew: navi)
- Servant - Hebrew: eved (a subordinate/officer of Kings court)
- Seer - 2 Sam.24:11 (ability to see into spiritual realm)Messenger - Haggai/Malachai
- Man of God - 1 Sam.2:27 (not godly man)
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The prophet's tasks
- Ancient near east treaties
- *Parity treaties (2 equal kings on par) *Suzerain-Vassal treaties (superior & subordinate)Emissary of the Great King (suzerain)
- * 2Kgs17 -the Lord warns them through the seers * Hos.12:2 - the Lord has a charge to bring against Judah * Micah 6:2 - He has a case and is charging them
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The prophet's writings
- (like within the Torah)
- Stories:Biography (Daniel 1-6) Ezra
- Autobiography (Dan.7-12) Nehemiah
- Functions:Prophetic call gives you vailidity to their callSymbolic actions
- Vision reports
- Historical background
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