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arteriosclerosis
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls
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atherosclerosis
buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries
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atheromatous plaque
a swollen area within the lining of an artery-caused by fatty build up
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thrombus
a stationary blood clot
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embolus
a moving clot in the bloodstream-causing obstruction where it lodges.
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stenosis
narrowing of a part, condition of
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constriction
compression of a part
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occlusion
pluggin; obstruction or a closing off
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ischemia
- decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
- to hold back blood
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perfusion deficit
a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by: narrowing, occlusion, etc.
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infarct
- to stuff
- a localized area of necrosis (tissue death) caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel.
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angina pectoris
- chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
- can be caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries
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aneurysm
a widening;bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery- caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness
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claudiction
- to limp; pain in a lib while walking that subsides after rest
- caused by inadequate blood supply
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diaphoresis
profuse sweating
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heart murmur
- abnormal sound from the heart
- produced by defects in the chambers or valves
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palpitation
pounding, skipping or racing heartbeat (subjective experience)
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vegetation
- to grow
- abnormal growth of the tissue around a valve, generally as a result of an infection
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arrhythmia
dysrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of a heartbeat
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bradycardia
slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)
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tachycardia
fast heart rate (more than 100 bpm)
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arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
- degenerative condition of the arteries
- thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to a rupture
- often in smokers or elderly
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bacterial endocarditis
bacterial inflammation-affecting the endocardium or the heart valves
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cardiac tamponade
- compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac-due to pericarditis or trauma
- this will cause the rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
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cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
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congenital anomaly of the heart
malformations of the heart present at birth
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congestive heart failure (CHF)
- failure of the L ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body.
- resulting in congestion in the lungs-causing edema in lower portions of the body
- aka: left ventricle failure
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coronary artery disease (CAD)
- affects arteries of the heart; causing reduced flow of blood/delivery of oxygen/nutrients to the myocardium
- atherosclerosis is the main cause
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hypertension (HTN)
persistently high blood pressure
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essential (primary) hypertension
- high blood pressure attributed to no single cause
- Risks: smoking, obesity, high salt & cholesterol, hereditary
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secondary hypertension
high blood pressure caused by the affects of another disease
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mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
protrusion of the cusps of the mitral valve back in the the left atrium during ventricular contraction-resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
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myocardial infraction (MI)
- heart attack
- death of myocardial tissue (infraction) due to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of an occulsion (plugging) of a coronary artery
- symptoms: pain the chest/shoulders, shorness of breath, diaphoresis and nausea
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myocarditis
- inflammation of the myocardium
- often due to a viral or bacterial infection
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pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
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phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
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rheumatic heart disease
damage to heart muscle and valves by rheumatic fever (streptococcal infection)
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thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
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varicose vein
abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves-most often seen in the legs
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deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a clot in a deep vein (usually the femoral or iliac)
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