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Where is the parotid gland?
just beneath skin in front of ear
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What joint does the parotid gland cover?
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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What bony structure does the parotid gland cover?
ramus of mandible
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What is the largest salivary gland?
parotid gland
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What is the area that the parotid gland occupies called?
parotid bed
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What is the parotid bed?
a three-dimensional space that is occupied by the parotid gland
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What is the parotid region?
a bony, muscular, and fascial-lined space, with defining boundries
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Parotid region
Posterior boundary:
mastoid process
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Parotid region
Medial boundary:
styloid process
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Parotid region
Anterior boundary:
medial pterygoid and massester mm.
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What are the contents of te parotid region?
- parotid gland
- external carotid artery and several of its branches
- -superficial temporal
- external jugular vein and several of its tributaries
- -retromandibular v.
- -posterior auricular
- parts of facial nerve (CN VII)
- parts of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
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What type of branches does the facial nerve have in the parotid region?
motor branches to mm. of face
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Where does the parotid duct terminate?
at oral vestibule (between cheek and teeth)
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How is external jugular vein formed?
by retromanibular v. and posterior auricular v.
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Why is the parotid gland covered by dense connective tissue?
inhibits swelling and inflamation
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What are the parts of the parotid gland?
superficial and deep
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What is the suprficial part of the parotid gland?
covers most of masseter and extends anteriorly along parotid duct
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What indicates the dividing line between te deep and superficial parts?
position of facial nerve and its terminal branches, which pass through substance of gland
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What is contained in the deep part of the parotid gland?
- external carotid artery with several of its branches
- retromandibular vein with its tributaries
- auriculotemporal nerve
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What is the auriculotemporal nerve a branch of?
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
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How many ducts carry the secretions of the parotid gland?
1
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Where is the parotid duct?
courses superficially over massete to pierce buccinator muscle
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Where does the parotid duct open into?
vestibule of the oral cavity adjacent to the second upper molar tooth
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What is the effect of stimulation by sympathetic nerves to the parotid gland?
reduced saliva secretion
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Why does stimulation by sympathetic nerves reduce saliva secretion?
due to vasoconstriction of vessls supply the parotid gland
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What does stimulation by parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) result in?
increased saliva production
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With viral infections, such as mumps, what happens to the parotid region?
swelling which compresses auriculotemporal nerve, producing much pain
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What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
sensory to ear and temporal region
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Why would a surgeon need to remove the parotid gland?
presence of tumors
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How must a benign tumor of the parotid region be removed?
piece by piece, to avoid the facial nerve traveling through it
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What arteries supply the parotid gland?
branches of posterior auricular, superficial temporal, and transverse facial arteries
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Which veins drain the parotid gland?
tributaries of rtromandibular vein
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Where doe lymphatic drainage go?
- two groups of cervical lymph nodes
- -superficial cervical lymph nodes
- -deep cervical lymph nodes
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Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
adjacent to external jugular vein
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Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes?
adjacent to internal jugular vein
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Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the parotid gland?
- great auricular n.
- auriculotemporal n.
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What is the great auricular nerve a branch of?
cervical plexus
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Where does the preganglionic parasympathetic neuron of the glossopharyngea n. synapse with the postganglionic neuron?
at otic ganglion
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Where do the postganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal n. travel?
to parotid gland
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How do the postganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel to the parotid gland?
via auriculotemporal n.
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Which cranial nerve is th eglossopharyngeal nerve?
CN IX
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