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After Civil War, the (tribe) or (individuals) owned the Indian land given to them by the government?
Tribe
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Define "Tenant Farmer"
A farmer who cleared land and planted crops but did not own the land
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The Civil War had (brought together) or (further divided) the Creek Nation?
Further Divided
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Define Lighthorsemen
Tribal Policemen
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Define "Seminaries"
Residential Schools
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After the Civil War, how did the Cherokees make money from the cattlemen?
Leasing rich grassland
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What was the job of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Assist the transition from slave to freemen
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Define "Segregation"
Seperation by race
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What 3 changes took place as the Native Americans began to re-build their economy?
Cattle > Buffalo, Coal Mining, Railroads replaced wagon trails
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Define "Railhead"
The endof the railroad lines
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Define "Drover"
Trail driver
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Why were cattle drives necessary?
Easier to get cattle to move
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Why did some states (Missouri-Kansas) stop the cattle drives from coming into their state?
To stop the spread of diseases
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Define "Quarantine"
A restriction to stop people/animals movement to stop spread of diseases
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What 4 things contributed to the end of cattle drives?
Spread of Diseases, ????, ????, ????
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What was the first railroad in Indian Territory (1870)?
Katy Line
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What was the name of the man that leased land from the Choctaw fro the purpose of harvesting coal?
James J. McAlester
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Define "Roalty"
payment for the right to exploit a natural resource
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Why did mining cause Indian Territory to be considered a "melting pot"?
it had multiple races in it
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Define "Strike"
employees stop working until demands are met
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In the late 1800's, the demand for (oil) or (coal) was greater
Coal
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What invention caused the demand for oil to increase?
Automobile
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What caused the most trouble in Indian Territory?
Liquor
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Why was Indian Territory a favorite hideout for outlaws?
The territory was ??????
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Define "Jurisdiction"
A range of influence over which a court has control or influence
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Who was called the "Hanging Judge"?
Isaac Parker
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In 1870, federal policy toward Indians changed from removal treaties and reservations to
Breaking up the Indian Nations
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What did the Dawes Act take away from the tribes?
Tribal ownership of land
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How many tribes protested against allotment taht was proposed by the Dawes Act?
All
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Who were the first tribes to sign allotment agreements?
Choctaw & Chickasaw
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What did the Curtis Act take away from the Indian tribes?
Tribal rights
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Who was "Crazy Snake"?
Led a group of Creek who formed a seperate government in defiance of the Dawes Commission
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Why did Crazy Snake's followers accept an allotment?
They didn't want to go to jail
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Define "Boomer"
Those who took part in the land booms in the 1800's
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David L. Payne (leader of the Boomer movement) attempted to lead settlers illegally into the territory. As a result, what judge did he have to go see?
Judge Parker
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What tent settlement was David L. Payne responsible for in 1884?
Rock Falls
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What newspaper was David L. Payne responsible for starting?
The Oklahoma War Chief
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Who was forbidden to be in Indian Territory according to federal law?
Non-Indians
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How did the Indians fight the Boomer Movement?
Sent delegates to Washington DC to remind officials fo their obligations to the Indians
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What did the "Springer Amendment" do in March 1889?
Opened the unassigned lands to settlement.
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Define "Sooner"
A person who crossed the starting line of a land run before the appointed time
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Who was the President of the U.S. that authorized the first land run
Benjamin Harrison
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List 7 ways participants raced for land.
Buggies, Surreys, Bicycles, Mules, Foot, Trains, Wagons & Horses
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Define "Cornerstone"
Markers for areas of land
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Why was the cornerstone important?
Contained description of land
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What was the most common form of house built by the settlers of the first land run?
Sod House
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What did the "Organic Act" do?
Surplus land became part of Oklahoma Territory
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What town became the territorial capital?
Guthrie
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No Man's Land became what county until statehood?
Beaver County
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Who was the first Territorial Governor?
George W. Steele
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What was the first item addressed by the first territorial legislature?
To provide care & custom for persons convicted by territorial law
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What were the first 3 universities established by the territorial legislature, where were they and what type of education?
- University, Norman, Territorial
- College, Stillwater, Agricultural & Mechanical
- Normal School, Edmond Teacher Training
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What did the Cherokee (Jerome) Commission do?
Work out agreements with the Native Americans to allot tribal lands
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When was the last land run?
May 23, 1895
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After the 5 land runs, what method was used to distribute the rest of the land?
Lottery
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Why were railroads important to a community?
Mode things happen faster
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Define "Interurban"
Short railroads or electric trolleys
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What two things did Tulsa do to get the railroad to come through their town?
$12,000 Bonus, A fight-of-way land
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What was the first cash (money) crop planted by settlers?
Sorghum Cane
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Define "Boll Weevil"
An insect that attacks the ball of the cotton plant
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What were the 5 minerals that were mined in the territory during this time?
Salt, Coal, Lead, Zinc Gypsum
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Why did leaders of the Five Tribes oppose joining Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory into a single state?
Their population was growing
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What was the name of the proposed Indian state?
Sequoyah
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Where was it's convention to be held?
Muskogee
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List 3 things it's constitution would include
Bill of Rights, 3 Branches of Government, System of Checks and Balances
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Define "Enabling Act"
Legislation that enables a person or government agency to do something they could not do before
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List 4 things that Oklahoma's Constitution would include
3 Branches of Government, Checks & Balances, Elected Officials, Bicameral Legislature
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According to the "Progressives" who was the best equipped to deal with societies problems?
Government
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List 5 things the Progressives wanted to accomplish
- Regulate Business
- Break up large corporations
- Wanted people to have more say in government
- Senators elected by the people
- Referendum
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Who would serve as head of the executive branch in Oklahoma?
Governor
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How many elected officials would be in this branch?
12
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How long ws the Governor's term to be?
4 years
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Define "Bicaleral"
Two house
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Define "Referendum"
Citizens vote on a law before it goes into effect
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Define "Amandment"
An addition to a document such as a constitution
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Define "Initiative"
citizens propose a law ro amendment
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Define "Suffrage"
The right to vote
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Define "Prohibition"
Forbidding by law the making/selling of alcoholic beverages
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Define "Charter"
official permission to operate
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When did Oklahoma become a State?
November 16, 1907
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Oklahoma becase which state in the union?
46th
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Who was the last territorial governor?
Frank Frantz
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Who was the first state Governor?
Charles Haskell
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