science exam 9

• one type of particle (created and
• separated by chemical properties)

Ex) carbon dioxide, water, and salt.

• - substance with only one kind of particle.
• Identified with a symbol

Ex) Au Gold, H Hydrogen

• substance has two or more particles chemically
• combined. Identified with formula

Ex) water H2O, salt NaCl, carbon dioxide CO2

• - two or more types of particles not chemically
• combined. Created and separated by physical properties

Ex) shampoo, pizza, air

- one visible phase

Ex) koolaid, air, tea

- two or more visible phases

Ex) orange juice with pulp

- particles are dissolved in one another NO TYNDALL

Ex) salt water.

1) Matter is made up of tiny particles

2) The particles in matter are identical

3) There is space between All the particles.

4) All particles are attracted to each other.

5) The particles are always constantly in motion

a change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced.

a change in the starting or substances and the production of one or more new substances.

characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance.

a characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances are produced.

a numerical observation based onmeasurements or counting.

a non- numerical observation that describes the qualities of objects or events.

lustrous, malleable, and ductile.

Alkali Metals (reactive)

Alkaline Earth Metals (somewhat reactive)

Halogens (reactive- found in earth)

Nobel Gases ( non-reactive/neon signs)

: the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

the mass of an atomic mass units.

• - All matter is made up of tiny, indivisible
• particles called atoms

- All atoms of an element are identical

- atoms of different elements are different

• - Atoms are rearranged to form new substances in
• chemical reactions, but they are never created or destroyed.

- atoms contain negatively charged electrons

• - since atoms are neutral, the rest of the atom is
• a positively charged sphere.

• - negatively charged electrons ate evenly
• distributed throughout the atom

- "plum pudding"

• - centre of the atom has a positive charge (
• nucleus). Contains most of the atoms mass but occupies a very small space.
• Nucleus is what made some particles bounce back.

• - nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively
• charged electrons

- most of the atom is empty space.

- discovered the proton

- electrons orbit the nucleus

• - each electron in an orbit has a definite Amount
• of energy

• - electrons cannot be between orbits, but they can
• jump to and from different orbits. They release energy as light when they jump
• from different orbits.

• - each orbit can hold a certain amount of
• electrons.

electrons on the last orbit.

a particle that has either a positive or negative charge.

a bond formed when two non metal atoms share electrons

chemical link between two atoms caused by the electrostatic force between oppositely-charged ions

an Atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Place a glowing splint into the Gas

- bursts into flames (+ oxygen)

- no change (- oxygen)

Place a burning splint into gas

- burst into flames and POP is heard

(+ hydrogen)

- no change (- hydrogen)

Place a burning splint into gas

- flame goes out ( + carbon dioxide)

- no change (- carbon dioxide)

an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object

the controlled flow of electrons through a conductor

a material that lets electrons move easily through it

(copper wire)

material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it (ceramic)

- can strike up to 15km from where it is raining

• - Electrical charges are transferred very quickly.
• ( electrical discharge; example of induction)

• - excess negative charge at bottom of clouds repel
• at earths surface

the degree to which a substance opposes the flow of current through it.

thevdifference in electrical potential energy per unit charge measured at two different points; measured in volts

a circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for the electrons to flow

a circuit in which the loads are connected in branches do that there are two or more paths for electrons to flow.

metal strips that react with the electrolyte.

a liquid or paste that conducts energy because it contains chemicals that form ions.

the non living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem (temperature)

components of an ecosystem that are living (bird)

All the living organisms and their physical and chemical  environment (pond)

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time (e.g. deer population).

An ecological unit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment. (rainforest)

an organism that makes its own food using the suns energy (plant)

an organism that gets its energy from consuming other organisms

animal that eats plants (squirrel)

animal that eat other animals (wolves)

animals that eat both plants and animals (humans)

animals that eat the remains of dead animals (vultures)

organisms that break down dead animals (fungi)

what it eats, what eats it, where it lives

feeding level of an organism in a food web/chain.

> producers - first Trophic level

> herbivores - primary consumers

• > carnivores/omnivores - secondary and tertiary
• consumers

sequence of organisms each feeding on the next showing how energy Is transferred from one organism to another