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integumary system
System composed of the skin and it's appendages including hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands (oil).
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epithelium
cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
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epidermis
thin cellular outter layer of skin comprised of the squamous cell layer and the basal layer
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squamous cell layer
flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis
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basal layer
deepest region of the epidermis
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melanocyte
a cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
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melanin
dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes
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dermis
dense, fiberous connective tissue layer of the skin aka the corium
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sebaceous glands
oil glands in the skin
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sebum
oily substance secreted by the sebaceous gland.
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suboriferous glands
sweat glands.
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subcutaneous tissue
connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
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collagen
protein substance found in the skin and connective tissue.
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What is hair composed of ?
it is an outgrowth of skin composed of keratin
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What is nail composed of?
Composed of keratin
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keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails
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lesion
an area of pathologically altered tissue aka a skin problem or abnormality of any origin
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primary lesions
lesions arising from previously normal skin
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secondary lesion
skin abnormalities arising from primary lesions
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macule (macula)
a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1cm across (eg. a freckle)
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patch
a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1cm (eg. vitiligo)
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papule
a solid mass on top of the skin up to 1cm in diameter (eg a nevus/mole)
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plaque
a solid mass greater than 1cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin
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nodule
a solid mass greater than 1cm in diameter which extends deeper into the epidermis
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tumor
a solid mass larger than 2cm
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wheal
an area of localized skin edema (eg a hive)
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vesicle
little bladder; an elevated, fluid flled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5cm (eg a fever blister)
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bulla
a blister larger than 0.5cm (eg a second degree burn)
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pustule
a pus-filled sac (eg a pimple)
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erosion
to graw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving behind moisture but no bleeding
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ulcer
an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection
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excoriation
a scratch (eg from a cat scratch)
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fissure
a linear crack in the skin
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scale
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
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crust
dried residue of serum (bodily fluid), pus or blood on the skin
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cicatrix of the skin
a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fiberous tissue (eg a scar)
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keloid
an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular
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vascular lesions
lesions of a blood vessel
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cherry angioma
a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often the trunk of the elderly
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telangiectasia
a tiny red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest.
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spider angioma
most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest
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purpuric lesions
purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrhages into the skin
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petechia
spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency - small purpura
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ecchymosis
bruise; a black or blue mark - a large purpura
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epidermal tumors
skin tumors arising from the epidermis
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nevus
mole; a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular
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dysplastic nevus
a mole with precancerous changes
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verruca
wart; an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus
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alopecia
baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
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comedo
a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
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eruption
appearance of a skin lesion
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erythema
redness of the skin
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rash
a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
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depigmentation
loss of melanin pigment in the skin
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hypopigmentation
areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
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hyperpigmentation
darkened areas of the skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
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suppuration
production of purulent matter (pus)
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urticaria
hives; an eruption of wheals w/ itching
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acne
an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules or nodules on the skin.
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albinism
a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment
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first degree burn
a burn involving only the epidermis (includes erythema and hyperesthesia) eg sunburn
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second degree burn
a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis (includes erythema, hyperesthesia and vesications (blisters))
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third degree burn
a burn involving all 3 layers, epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous, of skin with damage present in all 3.
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cellulitis
an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin
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dermatitis
eczema; a inflammation of the skin charaterized by erythema, pruritus (itching) and various lesions.
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atopic dermatitis
caused by hypersensitivity to environmental factors
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contact dermatitis
caused my contact with allergens
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seborrheic dermatitis
also known as cradle cap
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dermatosis
any disorder of the skin
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exanthematous viral disease
eruption of the skin caused by a viral diease
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furuncle
a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle - caused by staphylococcosis
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carbuncle
a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles
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abscess
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised
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gangrene
an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from traume or imflammatory or infectious process
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HSV-1
herpes simplex 1 - cold sores; transient viral vesicles that infect the facial area
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HSV-2
herpes simplex 2 - STD; ulcer like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa. After dinitial infection the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
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ichthyosis
a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin
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impetigo
highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted - most often occurs around the mouth and nostils.
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keratosis
thickened areas of the epidermis
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lupus
a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
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Kaposi sarcoma
a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreading to lymph nodes and internal organs
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onychia
inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
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paronychia
inflammation of the nail fold
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pediculosis
infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis
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scabies
skin infection cause by mites marked by itching and redness mostly seen between fingers, toes, elbows etc.
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seborrhea
a skin cndition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands.
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tinea
fungi - ringworm and athletes feet
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