Superficial back muscles

• Proximal attachment:
• eternal occipital protuberance
• superior nuchal line
• spinous processes of all cervical and thorasic vertebrae

• Distal Attachment:
• lateral 1/3 of clavicle
• medial margin of the acromion process
• spine of the scapula

• Proximal attachment:
• spinous processes of T7 through sacral vertebrae
• ribs 9-12
• posterior part of iliac crest
• inferior angle of the scapula

• Distal attachments:
• Intertubercular groove

• Proximal attachment:
• spinous processes of C7 through T 5

• Distal attachment:
• medial border of the scapula from the inferior angle to the spine

• Proximal attachment:
• transverse processes of C1 - C4

• Distal attachment:
• medisl border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine

• Motor innervation:
• Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

• Sensory innervation:
• Cervical spinal nerves 3 and 4 

Thoracodorsal nerve

dorsal scapular nerve

Dorsal capular nerve and/or small branches of cervical spinal nerves 3 and 4

• At Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
• Superior fibers: elevation of shoulder girdle

Middle Fibers: retraction fo the shoulder girdle

Inferior fibers: depression of the shoulder girdle and upward rotation of the glenoid fossa (or lateral rotation of inferior angle of the scapula) 

• At atlanto-occipital joint
• superior fibers of both muscles: extension of the head
• unilaterally: abduct to same side and rotate head to opposite side

• Glenohumeral joint
• Medial rotation
• extension
• adduction

• Shoulder girdle joint
• downward rotation of the glenoid fossa

• Other movements
• depress shoulder when pelvis fixed
• elevate pelvis when shoulder girdle is fixed 

• At sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
• elevation
• retraction
• downward rotation of the glenoid fossa (medial rotation of inferior angle of the scapula)

• Shoulder girdle
• elevation
• protraction 

• Cervical intervertebral joints
• extension
• abduction to same side of muscle contraction
• rotation to same side of muscle contraction