pharma test 3 ch 13.txt

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis; disrupt or alter bacterial cell membrance permeability; inhibit baterial protein synthesis (interrupt protein synthesis or form defective proteins); inhibit ability of bacteria to synthesize essential metabolites

Stops bacterial growth but does not kill the bacteria - ex. Sulfanomides

Kills bacteria by disrupting the bacterial cell wall - ex. penicillin

Rash, fever, itchy hives (urticuria with pruritis), chill, redness (general erythema), anaphylaxis (circulatory collapse, airway narrowing)

Basic (natural), penicillinase-resistant, broad spectrum, extended spectrum

• penicillins and cephalosporins
• breakage causes loss of effectiveness for both

loss of antibiotic activity

shared by penicillins and cephalosporins

• First generation - effective against gram-positive bacteria; least resistant to beta-lactamase
• Second generation - more resistant to beta-lactamase; greater gram-negative activity than gram-positive
• Third generation - more active against gram-negative; resistant to beta-lactamase producing bacteria
• Fourth generation - similar to third generation but more resistant to beta-lactamase bacteria; many can cross brain-blood barrier; effective in malaria

Bacteriostatic at normal dose and bacteriocidal at large doses

It's a glycopeptide, it's bacteriocidal, it was once considered the antibiotic of last resort and adverse effects include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

bacteriocidal; used in combination with penicillins, cephalosporins or vancomycins; side effects include nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular weakness

the first broad-spectrum antibiotic; bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis; contraindicated in pregnant women, breast-feeding women and children under 8 (leads to permanently mottled and discolored teeth and impaired bone development); useful for treating Lyme Disease

broad-spectrum antibiotic; inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic at normal dose and bacteriocidal at larger doses; contraindictated in pregnant women and breast-feeding women (neonates may develop gray syndrome)

synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotics; affect bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA replication

synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotics; affect bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA replication

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; kills more people than any other infectious disease; 1 in 3 people infected with dormant TB worldwide; bacteria become active as a result of anything that reduces a person's immunity (HIV, advancing age, medical condition); there is a multi-drug resistant TB

Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Streptomycin

Aminosalicylate sodium, Capreomycin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Rifabutin