resp 117

such as internal catheters and pacemakers, may add to the risk of serious harm from electrical shock

Objects with low resistance

allow maximum current to flow through the object

allow minimal or no current to flow through the object 

the heart

• The amount of current flowing through the body
• The path it takes
• the duration the current is applied

• The chemistry of the person's skin
• The cleanliness of the skin
• The amount of moisture on the surface

Is simply a low resistance pathway to a point of zero voltage

To prevent the dangerous buildup of voltage that can occur on the metal frames of some electrical equipment

• Flammable material must be present
• Oxygen must be present
• The flammable must be heated to or above its ignition temperature

is a dynamic process involving sharing of information, meanings, and rules among people

• sender
• massage
• channel
• rece

Is the process by which people control and channel diagreements within an organaization

• Competing
• accommodating
• avoiding
• collaborating
• Compromising

• Is an assertive and uncooperative conflict resoultion strategy
• is a power oriented method of resolving conflict

an unpopular decision must be made or when one must stand up for his or her rights

• is the opposite of competing
• Unasserative and cooperative

they neglect their needs to meet the needs of the other party

• it is essential to maintain harmony in the environment
• Also, when an issue is much more important to one party or the other in a dispute

is both an unassertive and an uncooperative conflict resolution strategy

there is  no possibility of meeting ones goals

• Is the opposite of avoiding
• It is assertive and cooperative

Try to find mutally satisfying solutions to their conflict

more time than other methods and cannot be applied when the involved parties harbor strong negative feelings about each other

Is a middle ground strategy that combines assertiveness and cooperation

A quick resolution is needed that both parties can live with

presents a written picture of occurrences and situations pertaining to a patient through out his or her stay in a health care intitution

Records pertinent patient information (name, address, religion, nearest of kin), admitting physician, and admission diagnosis

Records the patients admitting history and physical examination, as performed by the attending physician or resident

Records the physician's orders and prescription

Keeps a continuing account of the patients progress for the physician

Describes the nursing care given to the patient, including the patients compliants (subjective symptons), the nurses observation (objective signs), and the patients response to therapy

Notes drugs and intravenous fluids trhat are given to the patient

Records the patient's temperature, palse, respirations, and blood pressure over time

Records the patient's fluid intake (I) and output (O) over time

Summarizes the results of laboratory test

Records notes by the physicians who are called in to examine a patient to make a diagnosis

Records the patient's authorization  for surgery or treatment

Notes key events before, during, and immediately after sugery

Records specialized treatments or treatment plans and patient progress for various specialized  therapeutic services (respiratory care, Physical therapy)

Records measurements made over time during specialized procedures (mechanical ventilation, Kidney dialysis)

If a mistake is made a single line should be drawn through the mistake and the word "error" printed above

provide the foundation for all ethical behavior

acknowledges patients personal liberty and their right to decide their own coarse of treatment and follow through plan on which they freely agree

Binds the health care provider and the patient to tell the truth

The truth is withheld from the patient for his or her own good

• Obligates health care providers to avoid harming patients and to actively prevent harm where possible
• Double effect

requries that the health care provider go beyond doing no harm and actively contribute to the health and well being of their patients

It obligates health care providers to respect the secrets which are confided which are confined even after the patient has died

Allow the patient to give direction to health care providers about treatment in circumstances in which the patient may no longer be able to provide that direction

• Living will
• The durable power of attorney for health care

the patient to identify another person to carry out his or her  wishes to respect to health care

a patients health care prefences in writing

involves the fair distrubition of care

Formalism

Consequentialism

Asserts that certain features of an act itself determine its moral rightness

an act is judged to be right or wrong based on its consequences

• The practitioner owes a Duty to the patient
• The practitioner was Direlict with that duty
• The breach of duty was the Direct cause of damanges
• Damage or harm came to the patient

states that anyone who knowingly or willfully solicits, receives offers, or pays directly or indirectly any remuneration in return for medicare business is guilty of criminal offense

• Responsible for the clinical function of the department
• provides oversight of the clinical care that is delivered
• Must be available on a 24 hour  basis for consultation with  and to give advise to both other physicians and the respiratory care staff
• must possses administrative and medical skills

is the process in which the government agency gives an individual permission to practice an occupation

guidelines for delivering appropiate respiratory care treatments and services

• Strong and committed medical director
• Capable therapists
• Active quality monitoring
• Collaborative environment among RTs, physicians, and nurses
• Responsiveness of participants to address and correct problems

• Clearly stated objectives
• Outline that includes an algorithm
• Description of alternative choices at decision and action points
• Description of potential complications and corrections
• Description of end points and decisions points at which the physician must be contacted
• Protocol program

To provide therapy to patients needing and likely to benefit from therapy but to advoid delivering services to patients not likely to benifit

how well it measure a known reference value

• Reproducibility
• reliability
• opposite of variability
• Indicated by standard deviation (SD)
• Small SD= High precision

Increased airway resistance (Raw)

• 70% of FVC
• Lung power

A 15% or greater improvement in FEV1 and at least a 200 ml increase in FEV1

• Helium dilution
• Nitrogen washout
• Plethysmography

500 to 700 ml

3600 ml

3.10 L

1.20 L and represents 20 to 25% of the VC

4.80 L and represents 80% of TLC

6.00 L

1.20 L and represents 20% of TLC

2.40 L and represents 40% of the TLC

• if adjecent lung tissue is filled with fluid
• Pulmonary consolidation or pleural effusion

The PA view

mediastinum and no more than 50%

• Abnormal collection of air within the pleural space
• Visceral pleura becomes visible
• Spontaneous or results from an invasive procedure , or as a complication of PPV (barotrauma)
• Air accumulates over the top of lung in upright patient (lack of vascular marking)
• More subtle in supine position (deep sulcus sign)

• Neutral neck position
• 5-7 cm above carina (midtrachea) (C5-C6)

evaluating for pulmonary embolism

projecting midlines structures to the right or left

• Fluid that passes threw body tissues
• Patchy, increased density shadows or opacities

• The edema is patchy and bilatereral and does not predominate in the central hilar regions
• Also lacks the cardiomegaly
• cephalization
• Kerly B lines

• Lobar collapse
• Unlateral diaphragmatic elevation
• Mediastinal shift
• Narrowing of the space between the ribs
• Hilar displacement

• To identify and quantify changes in pulmonary function
• To evaluate need and quantify therapeutic effectiveness
• To perform epidemiological surveillance for pulmonary disease
• To asses patients for risk of post operative pulmonary complications
• To determine pulmonary disability

FVC (forced vital capacity)

Boyles law

Represents a set of general principles and rules that have been developed to help ensure that the health needs of the public are provides in a saft, effective, and caring manner