Microbio Midterm 1

Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by _____

The 1st person to visualize individual microbes was...

The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by whom?

The genetic expression machinery of archaea is most similar to _____

Which of the folloing staining processes requires crystal violet?

2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis involves all of these except what? 

A) isoelectric focusing
B) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
C) electrophoresis
D) DNA sequencing
E) Staining for detection

The chromosome includes a number of extra twists called supercoils. All of the following are true of supercoiling except what?

A) This results in compaction
B) It is generated by gyrase
C) DNA doubles back and twists upon itself
D) It is maintined by DNA-binding proteins.
E) In bacteria and eukaryotic cells, there is positive supercoiling

Which name refers to having flagella attached at one or both ends of the cell?

In the lab, E. coli can divide into 2 cells every _____

Which is a micronutrient?

A) nitrogen
B) calcium
C) carbon
D) zinc 
E) sulfur

All of the following are true about MacConkey medium except what?

A) it is selective
B) it is differential
C) it is both selective and differential
D) It contains bile salts
E) Lactose fermenters appear colorless 

Which of the following can be used to assess protein expression under different culture conditions?

A) turbidity
B) DNA microarrays
C) viable count
D) 2D protein gels
E) PCR 

Okazaki fragments are approx. how many bases in length?

Which molecule is responsible for removing torsional stress during DNA replication?
 

The eukaryotic predators of the microscopic world are ____

Which of the following is not a palindrome?

A) radar
B) rotor
C) racecar
D) toto 
E) toot

Which of the following is not rue about the 2 strands of DNA in a double helix?

A) catenated
B) base-pairing interactions
C) antiparallel
D) complementary
E) base-stacking interactions 

Which of the following is not part of initiation of transcription?

A) base pairing of the 1st nucleotide of the RNA 
B) melting of the helix
C) the RNA polymerase holoenzyme
D) binding of RNA polymerase to the beginning of the gene
E) synthesis of a primer

The energy souce utilized by the elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu is ____

Post translational modification may involve

A) adenylation
B) phosphorylation
C) acetylation
D) all of the above
E) none of the above 

Specific membrane components, particularly ________, determine which substances are transported across the membrane.

Evolution toward pathogenicity may involve _____

A) horizontal gene transfer
B) gene loss
C) gene acqusition
D) A and C
E) all of the above 

Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the following reactions?

A) DNA synthesis
B) RNA synthesis
C) aminoacylation of tRNA
D) all of the above
E) none of the above 

In glycolysis, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to ____

T or F: Antiseptics and antibiotics are both used orally to fight bacterial infections
True False

T or F: The bacterial nucleoid is bound by a membrane
True False

T or F: During biofilm formation, as more and more cells bind to the surface, they begin to send signals to each other in a process called quorum sensing 
True False

T or F: Extremophiles typically evolve to survive multiple extreme envirionments
True False

T or F: The ribosome has no enzymatic activity
True False

T or F: Only the nuclotide triphosphate ATP carries energy
True False