na kaʻi structures

memea are words that can describe a broad range of individyal things, actions or conditions

kikino, ʻaʻano, hamani, hehele

things that have shapes or bodies

conditions or states of being

actions done to other things

actions such as movements that are not done to other things

painu-verb-like usage

kiʻa noun like usage

kāhulu- adjective like usage

e

identifies the person being spoken to

• ʻo
• precedes iʻoa to identify the individual being talked about

• pronouns
• words that take the place of iʻoa kuhane and act like them with most ami

• au ia him her used after ami such as me and iā
• aʻu-me kaua, maua...etc
• oe
• ʻo ia

• tells when or where something is
• *has a single poʻo and a single piko but can have many ʻawe

• estra element after a word that describes it without making a full pepeke
• can be in the piko, poʻo awe
• kahulu huahelu

used to tell someone or something has a certain quality or state or does a particular action

• to make a pepeke painu negative place ʻaʻole in the lālā position, if the pikoo is a papani it goes in the 2ndd lala positon and then the piko follows
• if it is not a papani it stays same as positvie phrase

all kikino have kaʻi

• ka/ke, nā , kēia, kēnā, kēlā, he
• ia- that which we both know about, the aforementioned

• used to tell what something, someone is
• 2 types he and ʻo
• to make negative, begine with ʻaʻole and move the poo after the piko

used to experess that two thing s are equal

used to ed to epress something is something, belongs to a class of things

tells the possesser of something

tells the location of something

• tells the quality of something
• with a hamani or hehele tells about the action of the subject
• a kahulu hamani or hehele often has its own awe

• me with
• also used with a to mean and

• Pepeke Henua
• replace aia with ʻaʻole
• Pepeke ʻAike
• put ʻaʻole in front and switch the piko and poʻo
• Pepeke Painu
• put ʻaʻole at begging
• when the piko is a papani i jumps right behind the ʻaʻole infront of the poʻo

• plural form
• ka/ke-nā
• mau- is used with all other kaʻi

• 1 2 3+
• au-māua-mākou
• _ kāua kākou
• ʻoe ʻolua ʻoukou
• ia lāua lākou

• used with painu hehele
• tomarks something headed toward
• i-used with memeʻa and iʻoa paku
• iā used with iʻoa kuhane and papani

• marks something receiving the action
• used with painu hamani
• i- used with memea
• iā used with papani, iʻoa paku, iʻoa kuhane

• the one responsible for something happening
• expressed in the piko in the painu hamani

the one who recieves the result of what is happening it is expressed in the ʻawe lauka

• a command, also used to mark a sort of future in the form of a prediction, suggestion
• just put e or mai in the poʻo
• e hana au i ka pipi
• iʻll make the beef
• e nana ʻoe
• you look

• used as a link between a primary pepeke and a secondary pepeke
• the piko of the primary and secondary pepeke is often the same, in these cases you only need it in the primary pepeke
• Makemake au e hele i Kauaʻi
• Makemake au e haʻi ʻoia

• are found in pepeke painu
• the mark time and completion
• Ua painu
• Ke-nei/ala painu
• e-painu-ana1
• e-painu-ana2

• marks completion
• eg. bathed, has, had
• with ʻaʻano ua often indicates present as well as past time; it indicates that some condition has finally ben reached after a period of action directed toward the realization of the condition
• ua nani ka hale - the house was beautiful. the hose is beautiful now, it has become beautiful

marks an action as happening now at this time

• with an ʻaʻano marks a condition as in the process of being completed
• Ke ikaika nei lākou.
• they are getting strong.
• once it has reached the state of being strong use ua
• ala marks the action as being completed at occuring in a distant visable location

• marks an action or condition as going to happen
• e kuʻai ana laua
• e kaulana ana ʻoe

• marks an action as in the process of being completed in the present future or past
• the difference between it and ke-nei is that ke nei gives stronger emphasis on the now

• + -
• ua i
• ke nei/ala e___nei/ala
• e__ana e___ana
• e e