Pop Music Quiz 2

  1. Earliest forms of dance in America were modeled after ____?
    European forms
  2. Three early American dance forms?
    • (hint: ALL C's)
    • Contra dance
    • Couples dance
    • Cakewalk
  3. What was a "cakewalk"?
    Early form of dance in America in which the slaves were making fun of the contra dance of their owners. Whoever won received a cake.
  4. What dance did the cakewalk emulate?
    Contra dance (it was a mockery from the slaves)
  5. What was the grand ball?
    Dance setting for upper-class, with a dance master who calls out dance steps, place with high culture
  6. Use of wind bands in Civil War?
    • Recruiting - as use of a pep band.
    • AND
    • On the front line - literally in the battle to frighten enemies.
  7. What happened to wind bands after the war?
    They went home and started local bands
  8. What did Adolfo Sax say about wind playing?
    "Playing wind instruments makes you healthy, strings not so much."
  9. Who said, "playing wind instruments makes you healthy, strings not so much"?
    Adolfo Sax
  10. Crazy instruments in wind bands?
    Horn w/ no valves, ophicleide, and serpent
  11. National Peace Jubilee, World Peace Jubilee
    Patrick Gilmore conducted 1/2,000 players and 10/20,000 singers at one time to celebrate the end of the Civil War/Franco-Prussian War
  12. Patrick Gilmore conducted lots of people at which events
    National Peace Jubilee and World Peace Jubilee
  13. John Phillip Sousa
    • Started on violin (Fun fact)
    • Focused on conducting and composing
    • He wrote more than just band music
    • Toured for 40 years
    • Great business man
    • Founding member of ASCAP
    • Stars and Stripes Forever
  14. Stars and Stripes Forever. GO!
    • FORM - AABBCDCDC
    • COMPOSER - John Phillip Sousa
    • GENRE - March
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -Trio has famous piccolo part and then the famous trombone part
  15. Tin Pan Alley
    • Named after the genre and the part of the city (some random alley)
    • The longest era of genre that we study (1880s-1960s)
    • Publishers were in control of what happened musically
    • People wrote their own songs and lyrics (very industrialized)
    • Got $ for however many songs you wrote
  16. What is the longest era of genre that we study?
    Tin Pan Alley (1880s-1960s)
  17. First time in American History where you got royalties for your music? What genre?
    Tin Pan Alley - you got money for however many songs you sold.
  18. Best way to market Tin Pan Alley songs?
    Through Vaudville shows
  19. Syncopation
    Placing accents on traditionally weak beats
  20. Ragtime forms resembled which forms closely?
    Marches. They were sectionalized - think S&SF, like AABBACCC, AABBCCDD, etc. (even had key changes within it like the trio of a march)
  21. What is a player piano?
    A piano that records the motions of its player and later plays back what the player had done previously. This is how we have Scott Joplin recordings of the Maple Leaf Rag.
  22. What genre do we see the "oom pah" bass?
    Ragtime music
  23. What is the "oom pah" bass?
    Essentially, for our purposes, it is what keeps time in ragtime music - it is the lower left-hand pattern going on in the piano
  24. multi-sectional form
    • Associated with marches and ragtime pieces.
    • For example ("Maple Leaf Rag") AABBA/CCDD

  25. Marches and ragtime pieces have what forms?
    Multisectional
  26. James Reese Europe, tell me about him, bro.
    CHR(O)SS

    • The Castles hired him to accompany dances.
    • He accompanied the Hellfighters (Af.Am. regiment) to France.
    • Signed the first Recording contract of an Af.Am. band.
    • His group was the (O)SS... Syncopated Society Orchestra.. (The vowel had to go somewhere, alright, asshole?!)
  27. What was the Clef Club?
    It was a special African American musician's union
  28. Name the famous old African American musician's union
    Clef Club
  29. Did ASCAP accept black members in the early 20th Century?
    No (very few). However, they had the Clef Club, so they were okay for the most part.
  30. Define: "to jazz"
    to make livelier or faster
  31. Development of Jazz music?
    Stemmed from an Uptown vs. Downtown rivalry in New Orleans, followed by unity when "seperate but equal" laws came into effect. First recording - Dixieland Jazz Band. ("Tiger Rag")
  32. Dixieland Jazz Band
    Original jazz recording, "Tiger Rag"
  33. "Tiger Rag"
    • COMPOSER: LaRocca
    • RECORDED BY: Dixieland Jazz Band
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: african roots (tailgating, dirty sounds, collective improvisation)
    • GENRE: JAZZ JAZZ JAZZ NOT RAG
  34. What is Congo Square?
    It was a place in New Orleans where Af.Am's were allowed to dance and play music.
  35. Name the place where slaves were allowed to play music and dance on Sundays in New Orleans back in the day?
    Congo Square
  36. What is Creole?
    Children of French or Spanish men who had slave mistresses - their families I guess. It says they were lighter skinned, and thus had more access to education, classical training, etc.
  37. Families in New Orleans that mixed French/Spanish with slaves?
    Creole
  38. Nick LaRocca?
    Composer of "Tiger Rag"
  39. What is "collective improvisation"?
    A jazz practice derived from African music in which several musicians improvise at once
  40. What is the jazz practice derived from African music in which several musicians improvise at once?
    "collective improvisation"
  41. What is a glissando?
    Scooping between pitches, hitting microtones in between. Slang for this is called "tailgating"
  42. What is "tailgating"?
    Glissando
  43. What is Vaudeville?
    • Closely related to Broadway
    • Tin Pan Alley composers would write for these shows to gain popularity.
    • It replaced the Minstrel Show as the most important medium for popularization.

  44. What medium replaced Minstrel Shows as the most important way to popularize music?
    Vaudeville
  45. What is a "song plugger"?
    • Composers that would market very aggressively (TPA)
    • They used various persuasion tactics (free copy of new song, favors, flat fee, % of profits, etc)
  46. Which group of people marketed the most agressively in their attempts to gain popularity for their songs in TPA?
    Song pluggers
  47. Describe Tin Pan Alley music?
    • Had a homogenous style
    • It was dominated by a few composers
    • Changed with the decades (parlor-dance-sentimental)
    • Adapted subordinate genres of music (rag)
    • Text serves as form of escape
  48. Who was Charles K. Harris?
    • A songwriter, music publisher, and banjo player
    • He was musically illiterate
    • Started his own publishing company
    • Wrote "After the Ball"
  49. Who wrote "After the Ball"?
    Charles K. Harris
  50. Describe "After the Ball"
    • COMPOSER - Harris (who made $25,000 a week off it)
    • FORM - Verse/chorus
    • GENRE - Tin Pan Alley Ballad
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Emphasis on the Chorus, this verse/chorus was emulated by many others
  51. Define: "assimilation"
    The integration of an immigrant, outsider, or subordinate group into the dominant, host community
  52. Identify: "The integration of an immigrant, outsider, or subordinate group into the dominant, host community"
    What is: "assimilation"
  53. Who is Irving Berlin?
    • He epitomized the Tin Pan Alley era
    • Born in Russia
    • Son of a jewish cantor
    • He was a song plugger
    • Owned a publishing company, established a theater
  54. What were "ethnic novelty songs"?
    Songs that portrayed members of ethnic groups in humorous but demeaning ways
  55. What were songs that portrayed members of different cultural groups in humorous but demeaning ways?
    "Ethnic novelty songs"
  56. George and Ira Gershwin?
    • Emigrated from Russia in 1890s
    • Brothers
    • George composed Rhapsody in Blue, Porgy and Bess
    • Successful in classical and popular genres
    • Tolerant of Af.Am.'s, composed in their style and worked w/ them
  57. TPA Song form?
    Typically verse/refrain form, with an AABA refrain.
  58. What genre that we're studying had verse/refrain form typically??
    Tin Pan Alley
  59. Who was Al Jolson?
    • The main dude from the "Jazz Singer"
    • A Vaudeville entertainer who performed in Blackface
    • Sang on one knee (his trademark)
    • Son of a jewish cantor
  60. Who are the two people that are sons of Jewish Cantors???
    • Al Jolson ("Jazz Singer")
    • Irving Berlin (the song plugger who "epitomized TPA")
  61. What is "crooning"?
    A vocal style that was smooth and personal enabled by invention of the microphone (Sinatra used this)
  62. What is the vocal style that was smooth and personal enabled by the advent of the microphone?
    "crooning"
  63. Talk to me about "The Jazz Singer"
    • Made in 1927
    • Based on the life of Al Jolson
    • Had a jewish cantor as a father who didn't approve of his son's jazz singing
  64. What are wax cylinders?
    • Method of recording and playing back music
    • 6 inches
    • replaced by 12" discs
  65. Hillbilly vs. Race recordings
    Catalogues had to be segregated just like everything else, so when buying music and browsing, the two were separated
  66. Advent of Big Band music?
    • It grew out of small orchestras that played in clubs/restaurants
    • Mainly white groups (ODJB)
    • Replaced black ragtime bands
    • Sax replaced clarinet
    • Fletcher Henderson created with starting it?
  67. Who is Fletcher Henderson?
    • He is credited with creating the big band genre by using a new approach with arranging the ensemble
    • Louis armstrong played with him
  68. Who is credited with starting big band music?
    Fletcher Henderson
  69. Who is Paul Whiteman?
    • A classically trained racist violinist
    • Hired the best white jazz musician
    • Commissioned George Gersh. to write rhapsody in blue
    • Had a series of concerts in NYC "Experiment in Modern Music"
    • Symphonic jazz - not even SWUNG!
  70. "Sweet" jazz
    • What Whiteman would play
    • symphonic jazz
    • smooth syncopation
    • no solos
  71. "Hot" jazz
    • Duke Ellington
    • Contrasted with "sweet" Whiteman style
    • (real jazz)
  72. What is walking bass?
    Bass player playing on all four beats
  73. Identify: "bass player playing all four beats"
    Walking bass
  74. Identify: "four on the floor"
    drummer playing on all four beats
  75. Drummer playing on all four beats
    Four on the floor
  76. What was the "Harlem Renaissance"?
    • Afr.Am. cultural movement 20's & 30's
    • Black writers, actors, musicians, artists explored their culture and celebrated heritage
    • Black middle class was in Harlem
  77. What are "black and tan clubs"?
    • Places like the Cotton Club, Apollo Theater
    • Clubs in black neighborhoods in large cities where blacks and whites mixed
    • Arose during prohibition
    • Training ground for both black and white jazz musicians
  78. What is the Lindy Hop?
    Movements and improvisation of black dances with the formal 8-count structure of European partner dances
  79. What dance had the movements and improvisation of black dances along with the 8-count structure of European dances?
    Lindy Hop
  80. Jitterbug
    The white response to the Lindy Hop, a little more tame than the Lindy hop
  81. What was the "Cotton Club"?
    • Most famous of NYC's nightclubs in the 20s and 30s
    • Black performers, white audience
    • Most prominent jazz musicians of the day (Ella F, Louis A, NatKCole, etc)
    • Ellington's band performed there
  82. Duke Ellington
    • Famous for big band jazz, but composed in wide range of styles
    • Played both hot and sweet style
    • Wrote over 2,000 compositions
    • famous for the "jungle style"
  83. What was "jungle music"?
    Took sounds from the environment, and blended with african roots
  84. Where did swing rhythm come from?
    It grew out of black musical practices
  85. Who was Benny Goodman?
    • Most popular performer of the swing era
    • Specialized in hot, syncopated jazz
    • Had a show "Let's Dance"
  86. What is "small group jazz"?
    Ellington made this a thing, basically combo music
  87. Who was John Hammond?
    • He came from a wealthy family,
    • studied music at Yale
    • Worked with Goodman
    • Helped integrate the music world (black/white)
  88. What were "songsters"?
    African american itinerant musicians, characterized with banjos, fiddles, etc.
  89. Identify: "African american itinerant musicians, characterized with banjos, fiddles, etc."
    Songsters
  90. Blues form?
    AAB... 12-bar blues
  91. AAB form associated with?
    Blues (12-bars?)
  92. What are the blue notes?
    Flattened 3rd, 5th, and 7th
  93. Delta/rural/country blues?
    • Mississippi Delta (poor as hell)
    • More improvisatory, free form, had an oral tradition, voice and guitar
  94. Who was Blind Lemon Jefferson?
    • Traveling musician,
    • Over 80 songs, 100 recordings
    • Had a pseudonym for when he played other music because Blues was the devil's music
    • Sang "Black Snake Moan"
  95. Who was Robert Johnson?
    • Most famous rural blues artist
    • Sold his soul to the devil
    • Died early by poison from the man who's wife he was sleeping with
    • "Crossroad blues"
  96. Classic Blues?
    • It was more composed,
    • had a 12-bar structure,
    • had sheet music,
    • had TPA influence,
    • more instruments used.
  97. Classic vs. Country blues
    • Composed vs. improv
    • 12-bar form vs. free form
    • sheet music vs. oral tradition
    • more instruments vs. small ensemble
  98. What was the Theater Owners Booking Association?
    • They booked touring shows throughout the country
    • White-owned
    • Touring conditions varied WIDELY
  99. Who was W.C. Handy?
    • "Father of the Blues"
    • Made the first Afr. Am. publishing house
    • Major role in the popularization of blues
  100. Who was the Lomax family?
    They went around recording various songsters and blues artists, making it more famous
  101. Who sang with Leadbelly?
    Blind Lemon Jefferson
  102. Who did Blind Lemon Jefferson sing with?
    Leadbelly
  103. What is a medicine show?
    A travelling show featuring music and other entertainment designed to attract a audience in order to pitch them a product.
  104. Identify: "A travelling show featuring music and other entertainment designed to attract a audience in order to pitch them a product."
    "medicine show"
  105. Talk about the term "hillbilly"
    • A term used for Country music until at least WW2
    • Before country music became popular that's what they'd call it
    • Poor southern whites
    • Some embraced it
  106. Describe the Hawaiian guitar
    • Developed in Hawaii, it had a slack key, tuned all notes to major triad
    • Used with a sliding comb - produces glissandos
    • Popular in hillbilly /country music
  107. What is a "dobro"?
    A resonoator guitar, made to produced a greater volume than conventional guitar (before amplification was a thing)
  108. Identify: "A resonoator guitar, made to produced a greater volume than conventional guitar (before amplification was a thing)"
    Dobro
  109. Who was Ralph Peer?
    • A talent scout for Okeh Records
    • Began the distinction between "race" and "hillbilly" music
  110. Who began the terms "race" and "hillbilly" music?
    Ralph Peer.
  111. What was the Grand Ole Opry?
    Performance venue and radio show, featuring string bands, traditional singers, gospel quartets, and banjo players as well as comedians and announcers
  112. Identify: "Performance venue and radio show, featuring string bands, traditional singers, gospel quartets, and banjo players as well as comedians and announcers"
    Grand Ole Opry
  113. What were the Bristol sessions?
    Series of recording sessions in 1927 by Ralph Peer that popularized both known and new musicians.
  114. Identify: "Series of recording sessions in 1927 by Ralph Peer that popularized both known and new musicians."
    Bristol Sessions
  115. Who was the Carter family?
    • Conservative Country group
    • "Keep on the Sunny Side"
  116. Who was the conservative country group that sang "Keep on the Sunny Side"?
    The Carter Family
  117. Who was Leslie Riddle?
    • Famous blues guitarist
    • Helped the Carters record folk songs
  118. Who was the famous blues guitarist that helped the Carter family record songs?
    Leslie Riddle
  119. Who was Jimmie Rodgers?
    • 1st hillbilly star
    • known for his yodeling
    • "Waiting for a Train"
  120. Who sang and wrote "Waiting for a Train"?
    Jimmie Rodgers
  121. Yodelling in American popular music?
    Country/hillbilly songs - came from german origin, adapted by both blacks and whites
  122. What is "communalism"?
    African musical idea of music as an activity not just for entertainment, a communal activity.
  123. Identify: "African musical idea of music as an activity not just for entertainment"
    Communalism
  124. What is a griot?
    A low-status travelling professional musician/historian
  125. What is patting juba?
    An African-American derived body drumming technique
  126. Identify: "An African-American derived body drumming technique"
    Patting juba
  127. What is a "ring shout"?
    African derived shuffling circular dance of chanting and hand-clapping that puts participants in a trance
  128. Identify: "African derived shuffling circular dance of chanting and hand-clapping that puts participants in a trance"
    Ring shout
  129. Music Identify: "Kneebone"
    • GENRE - Black spiritual/ring shout
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Blends European hymns, Call and response, strophic, repetitive, handclapping

  130. Music Identify: "Arwhoolie"
    • GENRE - Field Holler
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - arhythmic, wailing quality, melancholy, "ohh"
    • FORM - Verse/refrain
  131. Music Identify: "Hammer Ring"
    • GENRE - Work song
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - rhythmic pulse of hammers, makes work easier
    • FORM - verse/refrain
  132. Music Identify: "Cornbread and butterbeans"
    • GENRE - songsters
    • GROUP - Carolina Chocolate Drops
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - kill yourself.. played with bones and jug, bass and banjo
  133. Hickiest music you'll hear with banjo and jug and everything?
    "Cornbread and Butterbeans" by Carolina Chocolate Drops
  134. You hear a song with someone wailing away, really sad. What is it?
    "Arwhoolie" - a field holler
  135. You hear a song - a dude is singing and everyone is replying. He keeps singing "kneebone", this must mean something.
    It is called "Kneebone", and it is a black spiritual/ring shout
  136. You hear an old-timey blues guitar song. It sounds sad and wailing kind of, but theres a blues guitar.
    "Black Snake Moan" by Blind Lemon Jefferson
  137. Music Identify: "Black Snake Moan"
    • GENRE - Country blues
    • COMPOSER (kinda) - Blind Lemon Jefferson
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - moaning, improvisatory, guitar accompaniment
  138. You hear a dude playing guitar and singing, he's not wailing though. "I went to the.... ___...."
    "Crossroad Blues" by Robert Johnson (most famous blues artist)
  139. Music Identify: "Crossroad Blues"
    • GENRE - Country blues
    • COMPOSER (kinda) - Robert Johnson
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - improvisatory, free form sounding, voice and guitar
  140. You hear a trombone accompanying some chick singing a blues song.
    "Empty Bed Blues" - (she's sad that her bed is empty) Bessie Smith
  141. Music Identify: "Empty Bed Blues"
    • GENRE - Classic blues
    • FORM - 12 bar blues
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - voice, trombone,piano, altered timbre, tailgate technique (glissando)
  142. You hear a hick sounding thing. It sounds like something you've heard on O Brother Where art Thou. Family singing
    "Keep on the Sunny Side" - Carter Family
  143. Music Identify: "
    • GENRE: hillbilly
    • COMPOSERS: Carter Family
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Guitar, southern dialect,
  144. You hear a train sound... followed by trumpet, guitar, slower tempo
    "Waitin for a Train" - Jimmie Rodgers
  145. Talk to me about the song "Barbara Allen"
    • FORM - strophic
    • GENRE - ballad (all about story!)
    • MELODY - pentatonic
    • COMPOSER - anonymous
    • 243 different versions in the Library of Congress
  146. Talk to me about "De Boatman Dance"
    • COMPOSER - Dan Emmett
    • FORM - verse/chorus
    • CHARACTERISTICS - major mode, banjo accompaniment, bones accompaniment
    • GENRE - Minstrel show
  147. Commodification of music occurs when?
    Music becomes a product that can be bought or sold
  148. What tends to generally be simple in form and structure, shared by a particular community and passed down through oral tradition?
    folk music
  149. Define: folk music
    Genre that tends to be simple in form and structure, shared by a particular community and passed down through oral tradition.
  150. What was the first popular music genre created in the U.S.?
    Minstrel show
  151. Identify: "music becoming a product that can be bought or sold"
    Commodification
  152. Jim Crow
    Minstrel show character and song
  153. Who is Thomas Dartmouth Rice?
    Famous minstrel show composer and performer
  154. Who is William Billings?
    He was a tanner who wrote hymns and patriotic songs
  155. Name a minstrel show character/song
    Jim Crow
  156. Name a famous minstrel show composer/performer
    Thomas Dartmouth Rice
  157. Who was the tanner who wrote hymns and patriotic songs?
    William Billings
  158. Who was Stephen Foster?
    The first important composer in the U.S.
  159. Who was the first important composer in the U.S.?
    Stephen Foster
  160. Who was Cecil Sharp?
    A British scholar and collector of ballads
  161. Name the British scholar and collector of ballads?
    Cecil Sharp
  162. What is the issue with Grove Music Online's database and its definition of "popular music"?
    It is biased in that it includes implied judgments on the value of popular music v. classical music.
  163. What are new music genres often created by?
    subordinate cultures
  164. What is often the role of subordinate cultures?
    Creating new music genres, ironically.
  165. What is shape note singing?
    • Music written out in a manner so that music-illiterate singers can participate.
    • Often used in hymns for mass participation.
    • Notes are different shapes for quicker associations (triangles, squares, etc)
  166. Identify: "Music written out in a manner so that music-illiterate singers can participate. Often used in hymns for mass participation. Notes are different shapes for quicker associations (triangles, squares, etc)"
    Shape-note singing
  167. What are parlor songs?
    • Songs that were sung at home
    • Typically simple so that many could participate
    • (SOMETIMES song by professionals)
    • Easy accompinament
  168. Explain the Bay Psalm Book
    • The first music book made in America
    • Had a vast collection of different hymns
  169. Identify: "songs sung at home, usually simple, with easy accompaniment. 19th century"
    Parlor songs
  170. Identify: "first music book made in America, with a vast collection of different hymns"
    Bay Psalm Book
  171. Theodore Adorno - tell me about him.
    • First person to truly account for pop music as a legitimate study.
    • Studied at the Frankfurt School.
    • Influenced by Karl Marx
    • Classically trained (Alban Berg)
    • Thought pop music was partially damaging society
  172. Who was the first person to account for pop music as a legitimate study?
    Theodore Adorno
  173. Define: broadside ballad
    a ballad composed and written on a newspaper-like pamphlet that people could purchase at a market
  174. Define: pleasure garden
    influenced from a European tradition, this is where people would go to socialize (beautiful, lush gardens) and often hear music in the form of small groups
  175. Identify: "a ballad composed and written on a newspaper-like pamphlet that people could purchase at a market"
    broadside ballad
  176. Identify: "influenced from a European tradition, this is where people would go to socialize and often hear music in the form of small groups"
    pleasure garden
  177. Define: lining out
    a process of learning music in a more simple manner, done by first simply singing melody without words and generally getting more complex by adding lyrics
  178. Identify: "a process of learning music in a more simple manner, done by first simply singing melody without words and generally getting more complex by adding lyrics"
    lining out
  179. Define: music
    Humanly organized sound
  180. Identify: "humanly organized sound"
    music
  181. Talk about the "of" vs. "for" argument
    It has to do with a cycle of influences - essentially an argument can be made either way, that people are influencing popular music with their culture (music OF the people) or music is influencing how culture is effected, controlled by ... who? (music FOR the people)
  182. Define: eurocentrism
    the dominant view of Western culture that privileges European-derived cultural forms and generally reflects white, upper middle-class, heterosexual male perspectives
  183. Identify: "the dominant view of Western culture that privileges European-derived cultural forms and generally reflects white, upper middle-class, heterosexual male perspectives"
    Eurocentrism
  184. Define: ethnomusicology
    study of folk and traditional music of the entire world (broadened to include any type of music and surrounding culture)
  185. Define: ballad
    A song that tells a story
  186. Identify: "a song that tells a story"
    Ballad
  187. Ballads were mostly what form?
    Strophic
  188. Define: strophic (in our terms)
    same melody repeating with different words
  189. Identify: "same melody repeating with different words"
    strophic
  190. Define: blackface
    whites blackened their face with burnt cork, exaggerated their facial features - performed with pretty crazy racial stereotypes.
  191. Identify: "whites blackened their face with burnt cork, exaggerated their facial features - performed with pretty crazy racial stereotypes."
    blackface
  192. Who was Thomas Dartmouth Rice?
    • He wrote the song "Jim Crow", which became a stock character in minstrel shows.
    • He also toured Europe in the 1830s
  193. Who invented "Jim Crow"?
    Thomas Dartmouth Rice. He even toured around after gaining fame in the 1830s
  194. Define: "Zip Coon"
    Another character in minstrel shows that parodied upper-class "city-slickers", of course performed in blackface
  195. Who was the character in minstrel shows that parodied the upper-class? He was known as the "city-slicker" type.
    The "Zip Coon" character
  196. Define: interlocuter
    Typically the so-called "master of ceremonies" (not blackface) of the minstrel shows. He was an upper-class white character, with refined vocabulary.
  197. Identify: "Typically the so-called "master of ceremonies" (not blackface) of the minstrel shows. He was an upper-class white character, with refined vocabulary."
    Interlocuter
  198. Who was Stephen Foster?
    • He wrote "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"
    • Wrote over 200 songs, including more than just folk songs
    • He was the first important composer of American songs
    • First to live solely from sales of compositions
  199. Who wrote "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair"?
    Stephen Foster
  200. Who was the first important composer of American songs?
    Stephen Foster
  201. What was the baby boomer generation?
    • The youth of the 1950s who "invented" the teenager as a commercial and cultural entity
    • Record companies started targeting them
    • 1/3 of total record-buying population
  202. What was important about the teen market in the 1950s?
    As a new generation they were the focus for record companies, as they used the new music as a form of rebellion
  203. What was important about American Bandstand?
    • It spread culture of consumerism, and was one of the most popular venues of music as by 1955 nearly 2/3 of American households had TVs.
    • It was presented "live" and included teenagers dancing to records
    • Hosted by Dick Clark
    • Soldified growing youth culture
  204. What were the Billboard's 3 categories pre-1950?
    • Pop Music
    • Country/Western Music
    • R&B
  205. What is "jump blues"?
    • Rhythmic R&B style
    • Evolved from black big bands
    • Featured simple riffs, blues-based tunes, explosive improvised solos and spontaneity
  206. Who was Louis Jordan?
    • Famous for his jump blues
    • Saxophonist, singer, and band leader
    • His band was "The Tympani Five"
    • Grandfather of rap
  207. Differences between Big Companies and Independents in mid 20th century
    • Big Companies: ASCAP, Independents: BMI
    • Big Companies: White audience, Independents: teens, country, R&B, etc.
    • Big Companies: Older exec's out of touch with baby boomers, Independents: attuned to new teen market
  208. Who was Alan Freed?
    • Famous DJ in 50s.
    • Promoted R&B on his radio show
    • Refused to play white cover versions
    • Among first to term "rock n' roll"
    • Charged with 26 counts of bribery
  209. Who was Bill Haley?
    • The first white artist to successfully adapt R&B style for a mass pop audience
    • "Rock Around the Clock" was his big hit
  210. Who sang "Rock Around the Clock"?
    Bill Haley
  211. Who was the first to adapt R&B style to a mass pop audience?
    Bill Haley
  212. What was "Blackboard Jungle"?
    • MOVIE, not a song
    • Featured the first rock song ("Rock around the clock")
    • Was about teenage rebellion in schools and how crazy things were getting
    • The rock song symbolized the teenage rebellion
  213. What was important about cover versions in the 1950s?
    • There was a big argument over "borrowing vs. stealing"
    • Oftentimes social inequality (white people covering black songs)
    • Major record labels would try to cash in on discoveries of independents
  214. Talk about Supreme vs. Decca
    • Paula Watson recorded "A little Bird Told Me", which was then stolen by some white chick Evelyn Knight
    • Supreme (record company) pissed off, and sues Decca (other record company).
    • Decca won, musical arrangements were not copyrighted property
  215. Who was Little Richard?
    • He was known for his visually flamboyant styles, sang R&B
    • Had an uninhibited shouting style
    • Sang "Tutti Frutti"
    • Renounced career later to study at a Christian University
  216. Who was Chuck Berry?
    • R&B singer/guitarist famous for his "duck walk"
    • Would have been "king of rock n' roll" if not for racism
  217. Who was famous for the duck walk?
    Chuck Berry (first name.. rhymes with duck....get it!?)
  218. Talk about Elvis
    • First to have a chart first in Pop, R&B and country/western charts simultaneously
    • Had a suggestive performing style
    • Filmed from the waist-up on Ed Sullivan show because of this
  219. Who was Big Mama Thornton?
    She originally sang "Hound Dog", was a big hit on R&B charts
  220. Who originally sang "Hound Dog"?
    Big Mama Thornton
  221. Who was Pat Boone?
    • He built his career by "sanitizing" the classics
    • Took Little Richard's "Tutti Frutti"
    • Helped gain exposure for musicians
  222. Talk about the Payola hearings
    • a bribe was given by record companies to radio stations to promote certain records (common practice back then)
    • DJ's were being brought commercial bribery charges
    • 25 DJs/program directors were caught in the scandal
    • Not enough hard evidence
    • Later outright forbidden in FCA Act of 1960
    • Alan Freed got screwed with 26 counts of bribery
  223. Teen Idols/Schlock rock
    • 1950s, new generation of white, middle-class teen idols sprouted
    • Meant to put a bland, white, middle-class face on rock n' roll
    • Centered in Philadelphia
    • Emphasis on image
  224. Tell me everything you know about "Barbara Allen"
    • There are over 243 different versions
    • GENRE - ballad
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - pentatonic scale, tells the story of Barbara Allen
    • FORM -strophic
    • COMPOSER - anonymous
  225. Difference between Francis Child and Cecil Sharp
    • Child was an American that collected British ballads.
    • Sharp was a Brit that collected American ballads.
  226. Who was Cecil Sharp?
    British scholar who collected U.S. ballads
  227. Who was Francis James Child?
    American scholar who collected British ballads.
  228. Who was the British scholar who collected U.S. ballads?
    Cecil Sharp
  229. Who was the American scholar who collected British ballads?
    Francis Child
  230. You hear a song, it is modal, only has one voice, and sounds like it could be sung at a campfire.
    Barbara Allen (anonymous, ballad, strophic, 243, etc.)
  231. Sing "Barbara Allen"
    Out in the merry month of something... where the green grass grows (I think...)... (it's pentatonic.... you got it)
  232. Tell me everything you know about "De Boatman's Dance"
    • GENRE - Minstrel show
    • COMPOSER - Dan Emmett
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - features banjo, fiddle, drums, has "Ethiopian dialect", syncopation
  233. You hear banjo, fiddle, at about 120BPM, and then the words "High row, ............, floatin' down the river Ohio"
    It is "De Boatmen's Dance" (minstrel show, Dan Emmett, banjo, fiddle, drums, Ethiopian dialect, syncopation)
  234. Sing "De Boatman Dance"
    "High ho, de boatman row, floatin' down the river Ohio....dance de boatman daaaance, dance de boatman dance, oooh something something"
  235. Tell me everything about "I dream of Jeanie with the light brown hair"
    • GENRE - parlor song
    • COMPOSER - Stephen Foster
    • FORM - AABA
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - simple, major scales, predictable forms, easy accomp.,
  236. You hear a piano introduction, then a man singing. The accompaniment sounds simple enough, and the words and melody sound familiar. It sounds pretty easy, like almost anyone could sing it. What is it?
    Probably "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" (parlor, Stephen Foster, AABA, simple, major scales, predictable forms, easy accompaniment)
  237. Sing "Jeanie with the light brown hair"
    I dreeeeam of Jeanie with the light, brown, haair... Born like a VApor on the summer airr..... I see.... (etc)
  238. Tell me everything about "After the Ball"
    • GENRE - ballad/parlor song/Early TPA song
    • COMPOSER - Charles Harris
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - band accompaniment/strings, tells a tale, emphasis on the chorus!, influential in TPA
    • FORM - 3 verse ballad, 32 bars
  239. You hear a band, it's in 6/8, then a man's voice comes in. It sounds like something off of "March of the Wooden soldiers", so its very old-timey sounding, and the man is telling a romantic story. There's a chorus that sounds important! What is it????
    Probably "After the ball" (C. Harris, ballad/parlor song/Early TPA, band accompaniment/strings, 6/8, emphasis on chorus)
  240. Sing "After the Ball"
    • (6/8) mi, sol mi, la, mi, sol mi, la mi, ti,
    •          fa, la fa, ti, fa, ti, ^mi re, mi
    •         (etc..)
  241. Tell me everything about "Maple Leaf Rag"
    • GENRE - ragtime
    • COMPOSER - Scott Joplin
    • FORM - multi-sectional, like marches (AABBCDCD, etc.)
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - piano piece, syncopated, oom pah,
  242. Who was the "father of ragtime"?
    Berlin was credited, but later Joplin has received more fame.
  243. You hear a piece. It's a piano piece and obviously ragtime. It sounds like Super Mario Brothers.
    "Maple Leaf Rag" (ragtime, Scott Joplin, multi-sectional, piano solo, syncopated, oompah)
  244. Describe "Stars and Stripes Forever"
    • FORM - AABBCDCDC
    • COMPOSER - John Phillip Sousa
    • GENRE - March
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -Trio has famous piccolo part and then the famous trombone part
  245. Describe Tiger Rag
    • COMPOSER: LaRocca
    • RECORDED BY: Dixieland Jazz Band
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: african roots (tailgating, dirty sounds, collective improvisation)
    • GENRE: JAZZ JAZZ JAZZ NOT RAG
  246. What genre is Tiger Rag?
    JAZZ. JAZZ. NOT RAG. JAZZ.
  247. Talk to me about "Waiting for a Train"
    • GENRE - hillbilly
    • COMPOSER/SINGER - Jimmie Rodgers
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - yodeling, train whistle in beginning, trumpet acc. as well, guitar, hawaiian guitar, etc.
  248. Who was Jimmie Rodgers?
    • 1st hillbilly star
    • Added blues to country
    • "Blue Yodel"
    • First to add different instruments like hawaiian guitar
  249. Talk to me about "Wrappin it Up"
    • GENRE - Swing
    • COMPOSER - Fletcher Henderson
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - call and response, walking bass, four on the floor, syncopation,
    • FORM - 4 choruses
  250. Who was Fletcher Henderson?
    • He used the new approach for arranging big bands (saxes)
    • Louis Armstrong played with him
    • He wrote "Wrappin it Up"
    • Worked with Goodman
  251. Tell me about "Whispering"
    • GENRE - sweet jazz (not hot jazz)
    • COMPOSER - Paul Whiteman
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - smooth syncopation, no raucous solos
  252. Music identify: "It don't mean a thing"
    • GENRE - swing
    • COMPOSER - Ellington
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - plunger solo in trombone, starts with violin intro, muted brass, blended instruments from different sections, accents and syncopation, vibrato at end of long notes
  253. Music identify: "Caldonia"
    • GENRE - Jump blues
    • COMPOSER - Louis Jordan
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - aggressive, rhythmic R&B evolved out of big bands, simple riffs, blues-based tunes, explosive solos
  254. Music identify: "Shake Rattle 'n' Roll"
    • GENRE - R&B/rock 'n' roll
    • COMPOSER - Big Joe Turner... (Bill Haley stole it from him)
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - bel canto voice style, big band accompaniment, blues influence (bill haley just adapted the R&B for a mass pop audience)
  255. Talk to me about "Hound Dog"
    • GENRE - R&B/ rock 'n' roll
    • PERFORMERS - Big Mama Thornton/Elvis Presley
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - simple riffs, blues-based tunes, Big Mama had growl timbre,
  256. Talk to me about "Blue Velvet"
    • GENRE - Schlock rock
    • PERFORMER - Bobby Vinton
    • MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - syncopation, guitar, choral accompaniment, emphasis on image over talent
  257. Who was Bobby Vinton?
    Teen Idol, schlock rock, blue velvet
Author
tjneal
ID
158695
Card Set
Pop Music Quiz 2
Description
Pop Music Quiz 2
Updated