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Why diuretics?
- Increase urinary output
- Therapeutic uses
- -hypertension
- -removal of edematous fluid (always look at areas will restricted flow and below heart level. Rx will uptake fluid from extracellular space to be excreted)
- -prevention of renal failure
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Mechanisms of Diuretics
- Blockade—sodium/chloride reabsorption
- Site of action: proximal tubule produces greatest diureses
- Proximal tubule produces greatest diuresis
- Adverse effects
- Hypovolemia (decreased BP, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, confusion, abnormal i/o, o>i)
- Acid base imbalance (may become more acidic)
- Electrolyte imbalances (may loose Na+ and Cl+)
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Sites of Sodium Absorption and Diuretic Action
- High-Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics. Furosemide (Lasix). Most effective
- Ascending loop of Henle
- Uses
- Pulmonary edema
- Edematous states
- Hypertension
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