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4 Functions of Functional Perspective
- 1. Analysis of the problem
- 2. Goal setting
- 3. Id alternatives
- 4. Evaluate + &- characteristics
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Types of communication- functional perspective
- promotive
- disruptive
- counteractive
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Define groupthink.
decision making where the desire for unanimous decision overrides the motivation to asses all available plans of action
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Antecedent conditions for groupthink.
- A group that insulated from outside conditions
- Controlling leadership
- A poor procedure for decision making
- Stress
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Symptoms of groupthink
- Overestimation of the group
- Closedmindness of the group
- Pressure towards uniformity
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Ways to prevent group think
- Require some oversight
- Encourage critical thinking
- Use a breakout group
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Why was Poole against the phase model?
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Social structures- adaptive structuration theory
signification, legitimation, and domination
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interaction- Adaptive structuration
intentional acts of group members
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rules- adaptive structuration
implicit formulas for action
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resources- adaptive structuration
traits, abilities, knowledge, possessions that people bring into an interaction, unevenly distributed
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appropriation
rules and resources are borrowed from a larger culture
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Communication model v Info model
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4 managerial styles- critical theory
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stakeholder democracy- critical theory
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Rhetoric canons
- Invention
- Arrangement
- Style
- Memory
- Delivery
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Rhetoric- logos
logical proofs
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Rhetoric- ethos
credibility, must have competence and character
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Rhetoric- pathos
emotional argument
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Dramaism- act
the deed that took place
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Dramatism- scene
background for the act
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Dramatism- agency
the means or the instruments to perform the act
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Dramatism- guilt
motivation for public speaking
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Dramatism- escape goat
Victimage
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Dramatism- mortification
self-blame
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Dramatism- victimage
escape goat (tradegy)
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Narrative Paradigm- fidelity
Congruence between values embedded in a message and what listeners regard as truthful and humane
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Narrative paradigm-coherence
Internal consistency with characters acting a reliable fashion
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Narrative paradigm- good reasons
philosophical, technical, rhetorical, or artistic
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Cultivation Theory- beliefs of heavy viewers
- Chances of involvement with violence 1 in 10
- Fear of walking alone at night
- Perceived heavy activity of police
- General mistrust of people
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Cultitivation Theory- resonance
repeated symbolic portrayed cause viewers to replay their real life experiences with violence
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Cultivation Theory- mainstreaming
The process by which heavy viewers develop a commonality of outlook
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Agenda Setting- Who sets the agenda?
Media. Major news editors, politicans, PR practitioners
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Agenda setting- framing
a selection of restricted number of related attributes for inclusion on the media agenda when an issue is discussed
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Agenda setting. Who's susceptible?
People who have a high need for orientation. & A high index of curiosity
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Spiral of Silence-public opinion
Attitudes one can express without running the danger of isolating oneself
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Spiral of Silence- WHo is most likely to express their view?
Hard Core & Avant Garde
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Spiral of Silence- avant garde
new, fresh people who have an opinion that they think everyone will eventually agree with
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Face negotiation- 8 conflict strategies
Avoiding, Obliging, compromising, integrating, dominating, emotional expression, passive aggressive, third party
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Define standpoint
A place from which to critically view the world
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Most objective view?
disadvantage people
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Communication Accommodation-convergence
adapting your communication to become more similar to the other person
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Comm Accomodation- divergence
acentuate the differences
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over-accomodation
maximize the differences
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counter accomodaiton
maximizing the differences
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discourse management
sensitive selection of topics
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