PSY 430 exam 2 - CH 4

0-2 weeks after conception: rapid cell division and cell differentiation

3-8 weeks after conception: all body structures (inc. internal organs) begin to develop

9 weeks after conception - birth: organs (except for reproductive system) grow in size and mature in functioning

a cell mass that develops from the zygote in the few days after conception

(prenatal) spine develops 1st and then the limbs develop later

Near - Far (spine outward)

head - tail

begins to develop in the neural tube

last organ to develop

month where

- fetus has all its body parts

- weighs approx 3oz, and is about 3in long

- growth is very rapid, but there is considerable variations from fetus to fetus (esp. in weight)

Month(s) where:

- heartbeat becomes stronger

- cardiovascular system becomes more active

- brain increases about 6x in size

month(s) where:

• - brainwaves indicate responsiveness
• - lungs function and use amniotic fluid instead of air
• - heart valves, arteries, and veins circulate the fetal blood

1st fully functioning system

the organ that surrounds the developing embryo and fetus, sustaining life via the umbilical cord.

attached to the wall of the pregnant woman's uterus

the process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop

the name for a developing human organism from about the third through the eighth week after conception

the name for a developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth

the age (about 22 weeks after conception) at which a fetus may survive outside the mother's uterus if specialized medical care is available

agents and conditions, inc. viruses, drugs, and chemicals that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects/death

agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning

the study of birth defects - science of risk analysis

the science of weighing the potential effects of a particular event, substance, or experience to determine the liklihood of harm (to an embryo/fetus)

• - timing
• - dose
• - frequency

a situation in which a certain teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful once exposure reaches a certain level

the result of a combination of teratogens.

Sometimes the risk of harm is greatly magnified when an embryo or fetus is exposed to more thanone teratogen at the same time

in effect - the threshold of each drug is lowered

a cluster of birth defects, inc. abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, that may occur in the child of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant

a condition in which a child has been exposed to alcohol before birth and has some signs of fetal alcohol syndrome, inc. emotional and cognitive problems, but does not meet all the necessary criteria to be diagnosed with tht disorder

an image of an unborn fetus (or internal organ) produced by using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound)

a quick assessment of a newborn's functioning

• - baby's color
• - heart rate
• - reflexes
• - muscle tone
• - respiratory effort

• given a 0,1,2 for a perfect score = 10
• 7 is average

(31%) a surgical birth, in which incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly

a woman who helps with the birth process - does NOT deliver

"no oxygen"

a lack of oxygen that, if prolonged during birth, can cause brain damage or death to the baby

flu virus rampant in pre-schools

• causes:
• - retardation
• - hearing loss

low birthweight in teen pregnancies due to . . .

a disorder that results from damage to the brain's motor centers.

person has difficulty with muscle control, so their speech and body movements are impaired

a body weight at birth of 3.5 - 5.5 lbs

a body weight at birth of 2 - 3.5lbs

a body weight at birth of less than 2 lbs

a birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy have elapsed

baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception

a form of child care in which the mother of a low-birthweight infant spends at least an hour a day holding the baby between her breasts

cooperation between a mother and a father based on their mutual commitment to their children

the parents agree to support each other in their shared parental roles

a new mother's feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth

• - irritability
• - eating disorders
• - sadness
• - feeling overwhelmed and inadequate

the strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn