history

about what percentage of Frances population belonged to the third estate?
A. 1
B. 50
C. 10
D. 98

what happend on july 14 bastille day?
A. robespierre was executed by guillotine
B. french women marched all the way to versailles
C. a mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder
D. all of the above are true

which document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?

A. napoleonic code
B. declaration of the rights of man
C. declaration of independence
D. holy alliance

what was napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime?

A. he set up government-run public schools
B. he set up a comprehensive system of laws
C. he established a fairer tax code
D. all of the above are true

who was the most influential leader at the congress of vienna?

A. emperor francis I of austria
B. prince klemens von metternich of austria
C. king frederick william III of prussia
D. Czar alexander I of russia

why did the national assembly lose the support of many french peasants?

A. it taxed the bourgeoisie
B. it adopted "a declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen"
C. it took away the catholic churchs lands and independence
D. it made peasants and noblemen equals

which group imposed the reign of terror?

A. the comittee of public safety
B. the national assembly
C. the second calition
D. the kings swiss guard

how did great Britain react to the continental system?

A. it invaded fance
B. it negotiated a peace agreement with france
C. it formed an alliance with austria and prussia
D. it organized its own blockade

what strategy did Czar alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in russia?

A. scorched-earth policy
B. frontal attach
C. endless negotiations
D. guns and cannons

what did klemens von mertternich no want to accomplish at the congress of vienna

A. restore europes royal families to their thrones
B. create a balance of power in europe
C. strength coutries surrounding france to prevent future french aggression
D. create the beginnings of a european democracy

what was one important effect resulting from the political changes made at the congress of vienna?

A. fance managed to retain control over the netherlands
B. monarchs in Austria, Russia, and prussia agreed to share power with elected
C. russia and prussia joined forces to control france
D. nationalistic feelings grew in countries placed under foreign rule

the independance movement in latin america was spearheaded by

A. the peninsulares
B. the mulattos
C. the spanish
D. the creoles

in early 19th century euope, the liberals wanted

A. to limit the influence of buiness leaders and merchants
B. to protect the traditional monarchies of europe
C. the abolish formal government and replace it with anarch
D. to give more power to elected parliaments

in the 1860's, the expansion of prussia was achieved under the leadership of

A. frederick william IV
B. otto von bismarck
C. giuseppe garibaldi
D. king victor emmanuel II

camillo di cavour expanded piedmont-sardinia's power and also

A. conquered part of france
B. unified italy
C. took control of venetia
D. all of the above

which of the following men led a revolt of enslaved africans in saint domingue

A. jose maria morelos
B. giuseppe garibaldi
C. toussaint L'Ouverture
D. jose de san martin

which of the following was probably NOT influenced by nationalism during the 1800s?

A. groups uniting against an oppressive monarchy
B. an empire granting long-needed social reforms
C. an empire that crumbles into independent states
D. groups accepting a long-established form of government

which of the following statement would otto von bismarck probably NOT agree with

A. a ruler should never violate the constitiution of his of her country
B. manufacturing political "incidents" is acceptiable if it achieves a worthy goal
C. military force should be used to achieve political gain
D. it is the destiny of the weak to be devoured by the strong

by 1871 there was a shift in power in europe, which nation changed?

A. italy replaced prussia
B. prussia became germany
C. germany replaced france
D. britain replaced germany

which of the following would most likely have been a radical in the 1800?

A. a prosperous land owner who owns less than 10,000 acres
B. a nobleman who is realted to his countrys king
C. a port student who has read extensively about democracy
D. a wealthy buisness man who wants to give his country's parliament more power

which of the following led to the formation of the seocond reich

a. ruthless leadership
b. friendly diplomatic realations with france
b. the power of the german parliament
d. all of the above

what was the industrial revolution

A. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week
B. increased purcheses of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields
C. increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s
D. increased output of machine-made goods what began in england during the 18th-century

which of the following was a result of the agircultural revolution

A. many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities
B. enclosures became landmarkds of wealthy landowners
C. landowners experimented with new agricultural methods
D. all of the above are true

what were the three factors of poduction required to drive the industrial revolutiaon

A. road, railway, and water transport
B. raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods
C. government, military, colonies
D. land, labor, capital

what is the laissez-faire policy

a. a policy that allowed labor to set owrking conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their industry
b. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from industry owners
c. a policy that taugh owners of industry how to set working conditionas without government interference

how did britains economy affect the process of industrialization?
A. negatively, by britatins overseas expansion, which took jobs away from the british citizens
B. negatively, by britatins decision to forbid engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country
C. positively, by britains highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
D. positively, by britain allowing women and children to work long hours and grow wealthy

waht was the impact of the steam engine on the production of british goods?
A. it enabed the mining industry to work more efficienly without the need for workers
B. it allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through english canals
C. it launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level
D. all of the above are true

which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s
A. the mines act prevented woment and children under the age of nine
B. in england, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine
C. the supreme court of the united states objected to a federal child labor law
D. the supremem court created social security to support retired workers

what were the long-term effects of marx and engels's the communist manifesto
A. in the 1900s, marxism inspired revolutionaries such as russias lenin
B. marx and engels's predictions proved correct as a economic forces alone ruled society
C. during the 1848 and 1849 revolts shook europe but were suppressed
D. working classes worldwide demanded a "dictatorship of the proletariat"

which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism?
A. socialism and communism are two completely different and unrelated ideologies
B. socialism and communism are two words for the same ideoligy
C. communism gives control of a country to its people and socialism gives control of industry to the people
D. communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property

which of the following was an important factor leading to greek independence in 1830
A. greek dominance of mediteranean maritime trade
B. the serbian revolt
C. european popular opinion inspired by a classical revival
D. ottoman support of greek nationalism
E. the decline of the russian empire

which if the following was most central to the development of the early industrial revolution
A. the replacement of iron by steel
B. the shift from coal to ail-fired forges
C. the decline of individual enterprise in favor of cooperative efforts
D. the substitution of unionized for independent labo
E. the shift from human and animal power to mechanical power

at the congress of vienna, a principle that guided the deliberations of the diplomats was
A. balance of power
B. self-determanation
C. utilitarianism
D. liberalism
E. imperialism

urban life in the major european cities during the industrial revolution was characterized by
a. rapid social mobility among recent migrants from the countryside
d. overcrowded living conditions and unsafe working conditions for the working poor
c. the adoption of laissez-faire attitudes by industrial workers
d. government control of major industrial companies
e. an increase in the nobilitys power over the urban population

european liverals in the first half of the 19C typically supported
A. accident and unemployment insurance
B. the right of workers to unionize and strike
C. women's suffrage
D. a written consitution and wider suffrage
E. the establishment of overseas colonies to improve conditions at home

napoleon bonaparte's repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in
A. austria
B. great britain
C. italy
D. poland
E. spain

the basic goal of napoleons continental system was to
A. isolate russia diplomatically
B. weaken english economically
C. unify germany
D. conquer italy
E. unite france and spain

the meeting of the estates-general in 1789 marked a significant step toward revolution in france because it
A. exposed the plans of louis XVI to abdicate in favor of his son
B. gave the clergy and the nobility an opportunity to overthrow the monarchy
C. provide a legitimate forum for critics of the old regime
D. revealted the extent of papal influence on the french royal family
E. included a proposal to confiscate on the french royal family

the American Revolution played a major role in european history because it
A. inspired the united irish rebellion
B. led spain to repudiate its alliances with france and great britain
C. inspired englands glorious revolution
D. precipitated the french fiscal crisis that led to the calling of the estates-general
E. created a new balance of power in favor of great britain

which of the following best describes the french third estate?
A. counterrevolutionary provinces that resisted the national assembly
B. the palace at the tuileries, which was the chief royal residence after versailles and the Louvre
C. the non-noble, nonclerical section of the estates-general
D. the revolutionary faction that launched the reign of terror
E. the nobility of the robe, who acquired nobal rank by purchase

what was the main economic activity in new france
A. finding gold and spices
B. creating long-term colonial investment
C. building a fur trade
D. finding religious freedom

why did europeans see africans as a better a source of labor than native americans
A. africans were strangers in the americans, so they wouldn't have allies of places to hide
B. africans had to experience in farming, so they wouldn't try to do things their way
C. africans had complete immunity to all diseases, so they wouldn't die off
D. africans were already christians, so they didn't to be converte

what was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s
A. funding the digging of gold mines
B. paying for the building of slave ships
C. financing wars in africa
D. funding colonies in the americas

where in the americas did christopher columbus lang first
A. the coast of what is today panama
B. an island in the caribbean sea
C. the eastern coast of north america
D. the southern tip of south america

what did the encomienda system provide for new spain
A. military protection
B. more land
C. more settlers
D. a cheap labor source

to maintain a favorable balance of trade, in the comparing exports and imports, it is the value of the imports that must be higher
true or false?
True False

the middle passage of the triangular trade system began in eurtope and ended in the west indies, north america, or south america
true or false?

one of the long-term effects of the african slave trade was the introduction of quns into african continent
true or false?
True False

the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the americas is known as the columbian exchange
true or false?
True False

the economic system of mercantillism is based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit
true or false?

how did slavery in african and muslim societies differ from slavery in the americas
A. enslaved people in african and muslim societies could not rise socially
B. the slavery in africa and muslim societies was based primarily one race
C. slavery in the americas was based on race and was hereditary
D. people in african and muslim societies could not escape their slavery

how was africa affected by the atlantic slave trade
A. many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart
B. all african countries prospered from the trade and grew to be world poweres
C. kings were able to stop rebellions with the firearms they received in trade
D. african civilizations became safer because they captured and traded away their criminals

what concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support
A. absolute rule
B. separation of church and state
C. waging war for religious purposes
D. freedom of religion

which war was sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of france, the weakening of spain and austria, and the devastation of germany
A. the war of the austrian succession
B. the seven years' war
C. the thirty years' war
D. the war of the spanish succession

which of the following did the glorious revolution bringing to englands throne
A. william and mary
B. Charles I
C. james I
D. James II

by the end of the 1600s, what had englands system of government because
A. a constitutional monarchy
B. a military dictatorshi
C. an absolute monarchy
D. a constitutional democracy

what king became frances most powerful ruler and boasted "i am the state"?
A. louis IXV
B. henry II
C. Louis IX
D. Henry IV

european monarch became absolute rulers in response to which of the following
A. the increased size of courts and new government bureaucracies
B. the growth and increased power of nobilities and representatives bodies
C. religious and territorial conflicts that caused warfare and revolts
D. heavy tax budens that were levied to support trade and colonial growth

after the northern dutch gained their freedom from spain, what type of government did the united provinces of the netherlands establish
A. a consitutional monarchy
B. a republic
C. a military dictatorship
D. an absolute monarchy

which of the following did the restoration "restore" to power in england
A. parliament
B. the monarchy, as an instituiton
C. the catholics
D. the king who had been overthrown in the civil war

what did frederick the great believe a ruler should be?
A. a military commander
B. all-powerful and unrelenting
C. suspicious of his advisers
D. a father to his people

what was peter the great the first russian ruler to make an effort to do
A. organized and utilize a secret police force
B. add territory to the russian state
C. westernize russia
D. reduce the powe of the nobles

which of the following reflects the chronological order of events in english history
A. the english civil war-the glorious revolution- the restoration
B. the restoration-the english civil war- the glorious revolution
C. the english civil war- the restoration-the glorious revolution
D. the glorious revolution-the restoration-the english civil war

what problem helpe to weaken the spanish empire
A. spain experienced a period of severe inflaiton and heavy taxed
B. spanish kings borrowed money from england and fance to finance wars
C. spain developed a highly influential middle class and lost its nobility
D. spanish kings refused to declare bankruptcy or repay their debts

what was the significance of the english bill of rights
A. it made clear the limits of royal power
B. it established the group of government ministers known as the cabinet
C. it allowed for the bloodless overthrow of king james II
D. it restored power to the monarch

how did the puritans finally win the english civil war?
A. cromwell won support of parliament and was appointed dictator
B. cromwell's army defeated the royalists, and the puritans held the king prisoner
C. cromwell stormed the castle and seized charles I
D. cromwell killed charles I and appointed himself dictator

the helocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by
A. francis bacon
B. nicolaus copernicus
C. galileo galilei
D. isaac newton

francis bacon helped to develop
A. the sientific method
B. the microscope
C. the law of the pendulum
D. the barometer

isaac newton explained the
A. the function of blood vessel
B. anatomy of the human body
C. law of the universal gravitation
D. chemical composition of matter

which of the following did the enlighenment promote
A. a belief in progress
B. a more secular outlook
C. faith in science
D. all of the above

which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the U.S. constitution
A. thomas hobbes
B. baron de montesquieu
C. john locke
D. denis dideriot

which of the following did the censors of the catholic church ban
A. don giovanni
B. the encyclopdeia
C. tom jones
D. all of the above

which of the following were caused by the scienfic revolution
A. improvements in medicine and scientific instruments
B. the reliance on ancient authorities to explain the physical world
C. the assumption that that the human body was similar to the the anatomy of other animals
D. the belief that the earth was unmoving object at the center of the universe

how did the declaration of independence embody enlightenment ideals
A. it said that people have rights of life, liverty, and the pursuit of happiness
B. it stated that all titles of nobility should be abolished
C. it set up a system of checks and balances for the U.S. government
D. it protected the rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment

the portuguese armada was defeated in 1588 by stormy weather and the englsih navy
true or false?
True False

during the 1600s, the spanish gradually replaced the italians as the bankers of europe
true or false?

philip II believed it was his duty to defend protestantism from its enemies in europe and the ottoman empire
true or false?
True False

hernando cortes marched his force of about 600 men through mexico to conquer the aztec empire
true or false?
True False

francisco pizarro and his army defeated the inca by killing a largely unarmed group and then kidnapping and murdering their king
true or false?
True False

the encomiendas were spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now mexico. south america, and the united states
true or false?
True False

before 1700 spain governed its american colonies through a system of
A. appointed administrators
B. chartered companies
C. written consitutions
D. independent merchants
E. elected presidents

which of the following is most likely to have influenced eighteenth-century population trends in both europe and china
A. a sharp decline in average global temperatures
B. introduction of western hemisphere crops
C. innovation in birth control measures
D. improvement in surgical procedures
E. the rise of parliamentary governments

which of the following most accurately describes the political system of the dutch republic of the seventeenth century
A. rule by an absolute monarch
B. popular democracy
C. rule by wealthy merchants
D. control by feudal lords
E. rule by yeoman farmers

galileo was found guilty of hersy and condemned by the inquisition on the grounds that he
A. left the roman catholic church and because a protestant
B. used his telescope to explore the heavens
C. actively supported the gallican cause in france against papal supremacy
D. discovered the law of the universal gravitation
E. publicly advocated copernicus' heliocentric system

english entrepreneurs financed the establishment of new world colonies primary through
A. subsidies and loans from the royal family
B. private funds from the creation of the joint-stock companies
C. money and materials borrowed from the dutch
D. investment funds from european national banks
E. profits received from pirate activities and attacks on spanish fleets

which of the following is most characteristics of voltairs ideas
A. sensory experience can never be varified
B. empiricism and religious tolerance are to be celebrated
C. future progress is inevitable and limitless
D. the general will is the ideal basis for good government
E. the branches of government should be balanced

a primary goal of philip II of spain was to
A. reunite the spanish and austrian hapsburg empires
B. maintain spaish control of the netherlands
C. stengthen the spanish economy
D. grant toleration to religious minorities
E. create a monarchy accessible to the people

which of the following best helps to explain the economic and political decline of spain during the seventeenth ccentury
A. the extension of the empire's commitments beyond its resources
B. the secret treatybetween england and france to embargo the ports of the iberian peninsula
C. the collective security measures implemented by cardinal richelieu in order to prevent the spread of catholicism
D. the extensive battle waged in the iverian peninsule between the imperial forces and various coalition of protestants
E. the advocacy of religious toleration by the spanish rulers to promote the immigration of non-catholice groups into spain

jean-jacques rousseau differed significantly from other enlightenment philosophes in his
A. belief in determinism
B. belief in traditional religious customs
C. emphasis on emotions and his admiration for nature
D. belief in the divine right of kings
E. emphasis on the importance of science to social progress

"kings are justly called gods fo that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth"
which of the following was most likey to agree with this statement
A. sir thomas more
B. pope pius IX
C. george III of england
D. james I of england
E. Napoleon III of france

the leading economic center of early seventeenth century europe was
A. london
B. prague
C. hamburg
D. amsterdam
E. rome

the columbian exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450-1750
A. european food to the western hemisphere; western hemisphere diseases to europe;african population to europe
B. african population to the wstern hemisphere; western hemisphere food to europe and africa; african and european diseases to the western hemisphere
C. western hemisphere technology to africa; aftrican food to europe; european population to western hemisphere
D. european technology to africa; western hemisphere population to africa; african food to the western ehmisphere

portuguese commercial expansion overseas in the sixteenth century resulted in
A. the sacking of istanbul by portuguese explorers
B. the destruction of the dutch east india company
C. seizure of muslim coastal forst to serve as portuguese trading posts and military bases
D. military conflicts with arab explorers over the religious conversion of indigenous peoples
E. the discovery of the christian ruler of ethiopia, prester john

which of the following best describes the french edict of nantes(1998)?
A. it granted legal equality to all classes in france
B. it signaled the end of the french territorail expansion for a century
C. it led to the establishment of french colonies in north america
D. it led to fifty years of violent peasant rebellions
E. it provided limited political and religious liberties for french huguenots

religious change in the 17th C Netherlands led to
A. and emphasis on decorative rather than fine arts
B. the excluion of women artists from portriat painting
C. great vitality in intellectual and artistic life
D. the establishment of official censorship to purge catholic influences from the art
E. a rebirth of fresco painting in the churches