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serum - Sodium (Na)
135 - 145 mEq/L
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serum - Chloride
98 - 107
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serum - Potassium (K)
3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
Used to eval cardiac, renal & GI function
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aPTT
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
- 20 - 36 seconds, depending on type of activator used
- Should be 1.5 - 2.5 times normal when receiving heparin therapy
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PT
Prothrombin Time
- Male: 9.6 - 11.8 sec
- Female: 9.5 - 11.3 sec
- -Diets high in dark leafy greens increases absorption of K, which decreases the PT
- -Oral anticoagulants tx; PT @ 1.5 - 2 times normal
- -PT longer than 30 sec; risk of hemorrhage
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INR
International normalized ratio
- 2 - 3 standard coumadin tx
- 3 - 4.5 high dose coumadin tx
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Clotting time
8 - 15 minutes
-heparin therapy should be stopped 3 hours prior to specimen collection
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Platelet count
150,000 - 400,000 u/L
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ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- 0 - 30 mm/hr
- depending on age of client
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Hemoglobin
- Male: 14 - 16.5 g/dL
- Female: 12 - 15 g/dL
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Hematocrit
- Male: 42 - 52%
- Female: 35 - 47%
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serum - Iron
- Male: 65 - 175 mcg/dL
- Female: 50 - 170 mcg/dL
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RBC
- Male: 4.5 - 6.2 mil cells / uL
- Female: 4 - 5.5 mil cells / uL
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CK
Creatine Kinase
26 - 174 units/L
- CK-MB (cardiac) 0 - 5%
- CK-MM (muscle) 95 - 100%
- CK-BB (Brain) 0%
- -No alcohol or strenuous activities 24hrs prior to test-Invasive procedures & IM injection increases CK levels
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LDH
140 - 280 U/L
- LDH1: 14 - 26
- LDH2: 29 - 39
- LDH3: 20 - 26
- LDH4: 8 - 16
- LDH5: 6 - 16
- -acute MI; increased LDH1 and LDH2-LDH increases 24hrs after MI; peaks @ 48 - 72hrs; returns to normal in 7 - 14 days
- -presence of LDH flip (LDH1>LDH2); helps dx of MI
- -test is repeated 3 consecutive days
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Troponins
- Troponin I: < 0.6 ng/mL ; > 1.5 ng/mL - indicates MI
- Troponin T: > 0.1 - 0.2 ng/mL - indicates MI
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serum - Albumin
3.4 - 5 g/dL
- -transports non water solubles
- -increases in dehydration, diarrhea, metastatic carcinoma
- -decreases in acute infections, ascites & alcoholism
- -presence in urine indicates abnormal renal function
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Alkaline phosphatase
4.5 - 13 King-Armstrong Units / dL
- -increases during bone growth, liver disease, bile duct obstructions
- -fast 12hrs prior
- -d/c hepatotoxic meds 12hrs prior
- -immediate transport of specimen to lab
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Ammonia
35 - 65 mcg/dL
- -fast except for water & no smoking 8 - 10hrs prior
- -specimen in ice & transport immediately
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Amylase
25 - 151 Units/L
- -acute pancreatitis increases levels from 3 - 6hrs of onset; peaks @ 24hrs; returns to normal in 2 - 3 days from onset
- -list all meds taken 24hrs prior
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Lipase
10 - 140 Units/L
- -pancreatic disorders increases levels 24 - 36hrs from onset
- -ERCP may increase levels
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Billirubin
- Direct: 0 - 0.3 mg/dL
- Indirect: 0.1 - 1 mg/dL
- Total: > 1.5 mg/dL
- -total increases in all jaundice
- -direct and indirect increase depends on what causes jaundice
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Cholesterol
140 - 199 mg/dL
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Tryglycerides
< 200 mcg/dL
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serum - Protein
6 - 8 g/dL
-avoid high fat diet 8hrs prior
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serum - Uric acid
- Male: 4.5 - 8 mg/dL
- Female: 2.5 - 6.2 mg/dL
- -fast 8hrs prior
- -Aminophylline, caffeine, Vit C will elevate results
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Glucose
- Fasting: 70 - 110
- Capillary blood: 60 - 110
- -fasting glucose test 8 - 12 hrs fasting
- -d/c insulin & oral hypoglycemic meds
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GTT
- baseline fasting 70 - 110
- 30min fasting 110 - 170
- 60min fasting 120 - 170
- 90min fasting 100 - 140
- 120min fasting 70 - 120
- 2hr postprandial <140
- -increase carbs in diet to 200 - 300g for 3 days
- -no alcohol, coffee or smoking for 36hrs
- -fast 10 - 16hrs
- -no exercise 8hrs prior
- -d/c insulin and DM meds
- -takes 3 - 5hrs
- -peaks higher than normal and slow to normal = dx of DM
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Creatinine
0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL
- -no exercise or meat intake 8hrs & 24hrs respectively
- -renal function indicator; high levels indicates slowing of glomerular filtration rate
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BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
8 - 25 mg/dL
-high levels indicates slowing of glomerular filtration rate
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serum - Calcium
8.6 - 10 mg/dL
- -800 mg/day (normal intake) 3 days before test
- -fasting may be required 8hrs prior
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serum - Magnesium
1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
-indicator for metabolic activities & renal function
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serum - Phosphorus
2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL
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WBC
4500 - 11,000 cells/uL
- Neutrophils: 1800 - 7800 (56%)
- Lymphocytes: 1000 - 4800 (34%)
- Monocytes: 0 - 800 (4%)
- Bands: 0 - 700 (3%)
- Eosinophils: 0 - 450 (2.7%)
- Basophils: 0 - 200 (0.3%)
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