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Enterics Gram
gram negative rods
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Enterics oxygen requirement
facultative anaerobe
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enteric fermentation
glucose
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enterics
oxidase negative; catalase positive
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enterics spore?
non-spore forming
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Salmonella disease
enteric fever
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Shigella diseases
dysentery
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Edwardsiella Tarda disease
gastroenteritis
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Yersinia enterocolitica disease
enterocolitis
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yersina pestis disease
plague
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enterobacter
found in nature (soil, water...)
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Vibrio Cholerae disease
cholera
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Vibrio cholerae shape
curved rods
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Urinary infections organisms
Hafnia, Morganella, Procidencia
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Opportunistic enterics
Erwinia and edwardsiella
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Enteric motility
if motile- peritrichous flagellation
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Coliform
G-, non sporeforming, facultative anaerobic rods which ferment lactose
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Non-coliform
salmonella, shigella, proteus, and yersina which cannot ferment lactose
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E.Coli diseases
UTI, montezuma's revenge, infant diarrhea
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first step to identify enteric
select for their growth over other bacteria in the fecal sample
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Selenite F broth
inhibits growth of microbial genera to select for enterics
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incubating to select for enterics
incubated aerobically so obligate aerobes are inhibited
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selective media for enterics
cotain bile salt, sodium deoxycholate, or dyes to inhibit G+ bacteria
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DCA and SS agar
contain sodium citrate to inhibit the growth of coliforms (selective); contain lactose and natural red so lactose fermenters will prodice red colonies (differential)
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Differential Media
allow us to differentiate between groups of bacteria
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Selective Media
inhibit growth of unwanted organisms
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Yellow butt of TSI indicates
glucose fermentation
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Yellow Slant of TSI indicates
sucrose and/ or lactose fermentation
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Hydrogen Sulfide Production on TSI
black slant
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Alkaline Reversion
degradation of proteins when nutrients are exhaisted which neutralizes the acid and yields an alkaline appearance
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IMVIC test
indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, and inorganic citrate test
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non-invasive
dont invade tissues
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Opportunits
cause disease if hosts defense is lowered or the balance is disturbed due to environmental factors
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pathogenic
cause disease if they get past the hosts defense
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antimicrobials
drugs that treat infectious diseases
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antibiotics
one type of antimicrobial derived from living organisms
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three classifications of organisms due to size of inhibition
resistant, intermediate, sensitive
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antibiogram
pattern of resistance
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Bacteriocidal agents
prevent growth and induce killing without lysis; bind tightly and aren't removed by dilution
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Bacteriolytic agent
lyse cells
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Bacteriostatic agent
inhibit growth; bind loose so with lowered concentration the growth may resume
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Synergism
increased effect with two drugs given simulltaneously
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antagonism
two drugs interfer with each others mechanism
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benefits of combining drugs
provide optimal therapy and lessen the toxicity of individual drugs by reducing doasage of each
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benefits of kirby bauer
efficeint and easy
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weakness of kirby bauer
does not determine if a drug is bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
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size of inhibition is affected by
sensitivity of the organism, mw of organism, concentration of agent, density of culture, diffusion rate of agent, size of inoculum, time and temp, interactions b/w agent and medium
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Mueller-Hunton agar
specific composition, support growth, buffer pH changes, not antagonistic, isotonic to blood, yield results, reproducible
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small antibiotics
penicillin and ampicillin
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large antibiotics
polymyxin and bacitracin
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small mlecules diffuse___
faster
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large molecules diffuse___
slower
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MIC
lowest concentration that prevents visible growth
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MBC
lowest concentration that prevents growth and induces killing
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negatives to broth dilution
cumbersome and expensive
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