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short term memory
is the memory stage in which the recognized info from sensory memory enters consciousness
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in this task, the participant is presented a series of items one at a time and has to remember the items in the order that they were presented
memory span task
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defined as the avg # of items you can remember across a series of memory span trials
memory span
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a meaningful unit in memory
(the capacity limit in short term memory is in terms of chunks, 7 +,-, chunks)
- chunk
- ** if the chunks are larger for a particular type of material (words v letters) we remember more info bt nt more chunks
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a memory task in which a small amount of info is briefly presented and then the participant is distracted from rehearsing the info for a variable period of time..in which the participant has to recall the info
distractor task
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repeating the info in short term memory over and over again in order to maintain it
ex: rehearse a phone # over and over to ourselves until we dial it
maintenance rehearsal
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allows storage of info for a long period of time and its capacity is essentially unlimited
long term memory
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the brains memory storage capacity has been estimated to be around 2.5 petabytes= to 3 million hrs of tv
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4 types of LTM
explicit , semantic, episodic, and implicit
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long term mem for factual knowledge and personal experiences. requires a conscious effort to remember and entails making declarations abt the info remembered
- explicit (declarative) mem
- (being asked who the 1st president was and answering)
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memory of fatual knowledge
semantic memory
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memory of personal life experinces
episodic memory
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explicit memory contains
semantic and episodic memory
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implicit (nondeclarative) memory
is long term memory that influences our behavior bt doesnt require conscious awareness or declarative statements.
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physical procedural aspect like driving...
procedural memories
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types of implicit memory
classical conditioning procedural, and priming`
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priming
an earlier stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus. its classified as implicit mem bc it occurs independent of a persons conscious mem for the priming stimulus
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ppl with severe memory deficits following brain surgery or injury, that explicit and implicit memories are processed in different parts of the brain.
amnesics
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the inability to form new explicit long term memories following surgery or trauma to the brain
anterograde amnesia
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the disruption of memory for the past, especially episodic info for events before brain surgery or trauma
retrograde amnesia
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our inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before abt 3 yrs of age
child amnesia
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participants are given a list of words one at a time and then asked to recall them in any order they wish
free recall task
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the superior recall of the early portion of the early portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one trial free recall task
primacy effect
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the superior recall of the latter portion of the list relative to the middle of the list in a one trial free recall task
recency effect
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