Pharmville

  1. What is Parkinson's Disease?
    Progressive neurologic condition affecting mood, cognition, swallowing, and communication

    2nd most common neurodegenerative condition

    Condition develops as cells which produce dopamine degenerate and die, resulting in a depletion of this neurotransmitter. Will therefore effect ALL of the neural system.

    Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia

    • Hallmark symptoms of PD
    • Bradykinesia
    • Rigidity or stiffness of muscles --> balance problems.
    • Tremor
  2. Parkinson's Risk Factors
    • Men more likely to develop
    • Can present at any age—prior to 30—rare
    • Those aged over 80—1 in 50 will have the disease
    • Head trauma/concussions.
    • Professions dealing with CO.
  3. What are some Preliminary or Preclinical Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?
    • Impaired sense of smell
    • Sleep disturbances
    • Constipation
    • Depression
    • Restless leg syndrome
  4. Parkinson's Treatment
    • Treatment may take several weeks to manifest changes
    • Side effects are common and often problematic
    • A diagnosis requires notification of DMV
    • Treatments are geared toward decreasing the decay of dopamine or replacing it.
  5. Parkinson's Rx intervensions
    Anticholinergics: Trihexyphenidyl (Artane). Antagonize the transmission of ACH in the CNS.—Leads to decreased rigidity

    • Benzotropine (Cogentin)
    • Biperiden (Akineton)

    • Side Effects
    • Dry mouth
    • Constipation
    • Urinary retention
    • Dysarthria
    • Blurred vision
    • Changes in memory
    • Confusion
  6. Actions of Parkinson's Drugs
    Block the reuptake and storage of catecholamines, allowing for the accumulation of dopamine

    Antivirals -Amantadine (Off label usage)

    Interventions

    • Positive effects may not last more than 3 months
    • Side effects
    • Mental confusion
    • Visual disturbances
  7. Levodopa (Sinemet) for Parkinson's
    • Restores deficient dopamine to the brain, but become resistant to the Rx. After a while, it loses its efficacy all together.
    • Carbidopa blocks peripheral conversion of levodopa
    • Interventions
    • Monitor for SE
    • NV
    • Orthostatic hypotension
    • Dry mouth
    • Constipation
    • Sleep disturbance
    • Confusion
    • Hallucinations
    • Increased libido
  8. Dopamine Agonist For Parkinson's
    Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
    Directly stimulates dopamine receptors and increases the effect of levodopa


    Monitor for SE


    • Same as L-dopa
    • Mental dysfunction common
  9. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor For Parkinson's
    • Monoamine oxidase B Inhibitor
    • Blocks the metabolism of dopamine---thus slowing the underlying disease process

    • Monitor for SE
    • Orthostatic hypotension
    • Maybe given in combination with levodopa
  10. COMT ihibitors
    • Increased availability of levodopa by inhibiting COMT, thus increasing available CNS dopamine
    • COMT= Catechol O-methyltransferase

    • Monitor for SE
    • Orthostatic hypotension
    • Diarrhea
    • NV
    • Hepatic failure
Author
alyn217
ID
157445
Card Set
Pharmville
Description
Parkinson's Drugs
Updated