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refers to the ways of thinking the ways of acting and the material objects that together form a peoples way of life
Culture
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refers to the physical things ranging from computers to houses in a culture. It consists of the concrete tangible element s of culture
Material culture
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includes ideas beliefs values and rules for appropriate behavior. These are the abstract elements within a culture
Nonmaterial Culture
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Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members
Norms
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norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
Mores
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norms for routine or casual interaction
Folkways
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process by which one generation passes culture to the next
language culture
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Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable good beautiful and serve as broad guidelines for social living
Values
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specific statements that people hold true (ex: because most Americans share the value of equal opportunity they believe that a woman can be president
Beliefs
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argues that a language a person uses determines his or her perception of reality
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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to personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
Culture shock
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prospective recognizing the cultural diversity of the u.s. and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
Multiculturalism
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a continuing process whereby an individual learns the customs attitudes and values of a social group community or culture
Socialization
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composed of individuals of same age that share the same interests. Most important during adolescence. Positive and negative
Peer Groups
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18 males are required to sign up for the draft but cant drink
Cultural Inconsistency
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the study of aging and the elderly
Gerontology
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form of social organization in which the elderly have the most wealth power and prestige
Gerontocracy
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the part of the personality containing biologically inherited urges impulses and drives, is selfish everstriving for gratification and is unconscious and present at birth
ID
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the mediator between the biological drive and the society that would deny them, the ego is conscious and provides a plan to get what the individual wants
Ego
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that part of the personality containing the ideas of what’s right and wrong, controls the id
Superego
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the process by which people act and react in relation to others
Social Interaction
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refers to anything people are conscious of doing because of other people
Social action
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sympathetic understanding
Verstehen
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communicating without speaking
Nonverbal behavior
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based on the person receiving something for his or her effort or interaction such as money gratitude
Exchange
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occurs when people act together to promote common interests or achieve shared goals
Cooperation
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arises when people or groups have incompatible values or when the rewards or resources available to a society are limited, the main way that social interaction occurs
Conflict
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a form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed upon rules
Competition
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the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
Dramaturgical Analysis- Erving Goffman-
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v What are the elements of culture
- Ø Symbols
- Ø Language
- Ø Values
- Ø Norms
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v Is culture a learned behavior or is it generic
Learned
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v Which is abstract, material or the non material culture
- Ø Non material is ideas beliefs values and rules
- Ø Material is physical things in culture
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v Do values underlie beliefs or beliefs underlie values
Values underlie beliefs
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v What are the agents of socialization
- Ø The people groups and social institutions that provide the critical info needed for children to become fully functioning members of society.
- Ø They do not exist independently of one another
- Ø The most important in the U.S.
- o Family-primary source of socialization for the first years of life
- o School- the institution that is intended to socialize children in selected skills and knowledge but can also function as a discipline source a food source and a care giver source
- o Peer groups- composed of individuals of same age that share the same interests. Most important during adolescence. Positive and negative · Mass media- tv radio movies internet. Positive and negative
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v What are the five stages of socialization
- Ø Childhood- grounded in culture
- Ø Adolescence- buffer stage between childhood and adulthood.
- § Teen years are dramatic because of cultural inconsistency
- Ø Adulthood- when most accomplishments occur
- Ø Old age- 1 in 8 are over 60
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Death and dying-stages
- § Denial
- § Anger
- § Negotiation- a person imagines it might be possible to avoid death by striking a deal with god
- § Resignation- usually accompanied with depression
- § Acceptance
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v What is the nature vs. nurture argument?
asks the question how much of our behavior is determined by our genetic inheritance and how much is determined by the environment
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v What side is sociology on between nature vs. nurture
nurture
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v What was the outcome to pavlov’s experiment
Ø Smell and tast of food was replaced by socialized response
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v What does the concept of self include
- Ø An awareness of the existence and appearance of ones body
- Ø Knowledge of ones personal history
- Ø Knowledge of ones needs
- Ø The ability to organize ones knowledge and beliefs
- Ø The ability to step back and look at one’s being as others do
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Ø What are the three stages to cooley’s looking glass self theory
- § We imagine how other people judges these actions
- § We make some sort of judgement based on the presumed judgement of others
- § We imagine how our actions appear to others
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v Which aspect of self in mead’s theory of self is spontaneous and impulsive
The "I"
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v \Which makes normal social interaction possible
The “me”
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v What are the three parts to freud’s model of personality
- Ø Ego-the mediator between the biological drive and the society that would deny them, the ego is conscious and provides a plan to get what the individual wants
- Ø Superego- that part of the personality containing the ideas of what’s right and wrong, controls the id
- Ø Id- the part of the personality containing biologically inherited urges impulses and drives, is selfish everstriving for gratification and is unconscious and present at birth
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which is the mediator
superego-controls the id
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what are the five types of social interaction
- Ønonverbal
- ØExchange
- Ø Cooperation
- Ø Conflict
- Ø competition
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v Which sociologist is responsible for the social exchange theory
Peter Blair
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v Which type of interaction occurs when there is a common goal to be achieved
cooperation
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Who is responsible for the looking glass self
Charles Horton Cooley
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Who is responsible for nature vs. nurture
Ivan Pavlov
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Who is responsible for the death and dying stages
Elizabeth Ross
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theory of self "I" and "Me"
George Herbert Mead
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Who broke it down to ego, id, superego
Sigmond Freud
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occurs when people do something for each other with the express purpose of receiving a reward or return. Peter Blau was interested in this type of interaction and is responsible for the Social Exchange Theory. According to Blau, when we see people of equal wealth, beauty, etc, we think nothing of it, but if we see a beautiful woman with a very old man, or a young man with a much older woman, we wonder what the exchange is.
Exchange Interaction
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occurs when people act together to promote common interests or achieve shared goals
cooperation interaction
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arises when people or groups have incompatible values or when the rewards or resources available to a society or its members are limited. ______ is the main way in which social change occurs
conflict interaction
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is a form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed upon rules
competition interaction
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