Microbiology

killing everything, all microbes

• used to destroy heat-senstive spoilage organisms
• concern: spoilage

• uses antimicrobial chemicals
• how we clean the lab benches

reduce pathogens to a safe level

• decrease germs in a specific area
• ex: clean the arm spot before a shot

used on skin

• control designed to meet health standards
• clean apperance

• food spoilage
• limited other perishables too

• PCR can be used to detect any organism or virus.
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) uses primers to attempt to amplify specific bits of DNA. DNA replication needs a primer, 3’ OH which is complimentary to base pairs. Multiple sets of primers allow a better chance of identifying.

organism always present in diseased host, absent in healthy one

organism can be grown in pure culture outside of host

organic organic

• inorganic CO2
• Earliest life

Sun CO2

• Sun organic
• These do NOT produce O2
• early photosynthesizer

proton motive force

• No O2 photosynthesis
• no thylakoid (other membranes)
• non-cyclic process
• Electrons from sulfur
• Carbon fixation form Calvin cycle