Considers both varialbe and fixed manufacturing costs as product costs.
Ceiling
Which is net realizable value (selling price less selling costs and costs to complete).
Completed-Contract Method
Recognition of contract revenue and profit at contract completion.
Direct (variable) Costing
Considers only variable costs as product costs and fixed production costs as period costs.
Dollar-Value LIFO
LIFO applied to pools of inventory items rather than to individual items.
First-In, First-Out (FIFO)
The goods from beginning inventory and the earlies purchases are assumed to be the goods sold first.
Floor
Whis is net realizable value less normal profit.
FOB Destination
Title passes to the buyer when the goods are received at their final destination.
FOB Shipping Point
Title passes to the buyer when the carrier receives the goods.
Gross Method
Any subsequent discount taken is shown as purchase discount which is netted against the purchsaes account in determining cost of goods sold.
Inventory Turnover
Measures the number of times inventory was sold and reflects inventory order and investment policies.
Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)
The most recent purchases are assumed to be the first goods sold, thus, ending inventory is assumed to be composed of the oldest goods.
LIFO conformity rule
If LIFO is used for tax purposes, it must be used for financial reportng purposes.
LIFO reserve
The account used to reduce inventory from internal valuation to the LIFO valuation.
Moving-Average
The average cost of goods on hand must be recalculated any time additional inveontory is purchased at a unit cost differnt from the previously calculated average cost of goods on hand.
Net Method
Any purchase discounts offered are assumed taken and the purchase account reflects the net price.
Number of Days' Supply in Average Inventory
Number of days inventory is held before sale; reflects on efficiency of inventory policies.
Percentage-of-completion
Recognition of contract revenue and porfit during construction based on expected total profit and estimated progress toward completion in the current period.
Periodic system
Inventory is counted periodically and then priced.
Perpetual System
A running total is kept of the units on hand (and possibly their value) by recording all increases and decreases as they occur.
Purchase Commitments
Result from legally enforceable contracts to purchase specific quantities of goods at fixed prices in the future.
Simple Average
The seller does not weight the average for units purchased or in beginning inventory.
Specific Identification
The seller determines which item is sold.
Standard Costs
Predetermined costs in a cost accounting system, generally used for control purposes.
Trade Discounts
These are discounts that are allowed tothe entity because of its being a wholesaler, a good customer, or merely the fact that the item is on sale at a reduced price.
Weighted-Average
The seller averages the cost of all items on hand and purchased during the period. The units in ending inventory and units sold (COGS) are costed at this average cost.