OB II Week 1

Def. absence of the fetal eyes

Def. absence of the fetal nose

Def. group of disorders having in common the coexistence of an omphalocele, macroglossia, and visceromegaly

Def. a cystic defect that arises from the primitive branchial apparatus

Def. protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity

Def. premature closure of the cranial sutures

Def. cystic dilation of the lacrimal sac at the nasocanthal angle

Def. teratoma located in the oropharynx

Def. abnormal proturusion of the eyeball

Def. malformation of the lymphatic system that leads to single or multiloculated lymph-filled cavities around the neck

Def. fetal enlargement of the thyroid gland

Def. abnormal smallness of one side of the face

Def. congenital defect caused by an extra chromosome, which causes a deficiency in the forebrain

Def. fetal eyes too far apart

Def. fetal eyes too close together

Def. hypertrophied tongue

Def. head smaller than the body

Def. small chin

Def. increased thickness in the nuchal fold area in the back of the neck associated with trisomy 21

Def. underdevelopment of the eyes, fingers, and mouth

Def. underdevelopment of the jaw that causes the ears to be located close together toward the front of the neck

Def. hereditary disease caused by failure to oxidize an amino acid (phenylalnine) to tryosine, because of a defective enzyme; if PKU is not treated early, mental retardation can develop

Def. micrognathia and abnormal smallness of the tongue usually with a cleft palate

Def. a cylindrical protuberance of the face that in cyclopia or ethmocephaly represents the nose

Def. eye disorder in which optic axes cannot be directed to the same object

Def. solid tumor that can contain hair, teeth, fat, etc.

Def. underdevelopment of the jaw and cheek bone and abnormal ears

Def. premature closure of the metopic suture

FIB. Congenital anomalies of the face affect 1 in ____ births.

What does the branchial apparatus bear a resemblance to?

What structures comprise the branchial apparatus?

The first branchial arch forms the jaw, zygomatic bone, ear, and temporal bone. What is another name for the first branchial arch?

What the hyoid bone is formed by this branchial arch?

Of the six branchial arches, how many are visible externally?

FIB. Each branchial arch is separated by a _____ and is composed of a core of ______ cells.

This forms the cartilages, bones, muscles, and blood vessels.

The ____ _____ cells develop the skeletal parts of the face and the _______ develops the musculature of the face and neck.

What is the name for the primitive mouth found as an indentation on the surface of the ectoderm in an embryo at 28 days?

What branchial arch does the maxillary prominences arise from and grow cranially just under the eyes?

During a routine basic fetal scan, when should the face be screened?

Fetuses with a facial defects often have _____ abnormalities.

Extensive facial screening may be hindered by? (list 4)

Orbital fusion and proboscis suggest what anomaly?

The fetal forehead can be appreciated in what view?

The fetal forehead shown in profile can demonstrate what anomalys?

Anterior cephaloceles may cause what condition of the eyes?

skull appears unusually misshapen with a clover-leaf appearance in the anterior view

Clover-leaf skull is associated with what anomalys?

Trigonocephaly may cause the forehead to have an ______ appearance in the sagittal plane and _____ shaped in the axial plane.

When can features of the fetal face be identified?

Fetal profile is well imaged with _____ sonography.

The ____ _____ view is best to image the cleft lip and palate.

The ____ and ____ are well imaged in a true coronal plane.

The ______ ____ demonstrates the nasal bones, soft tissue, and mandible.

The _______ ____ shows orbital abnormalties and intraorbital distances.

what may be observed in a fetus with a lemon-shaped skull (from spina bifida) or with skeletal dysplasias?

What is the normal appearance of the fetal face in profile?

appears as misshapen skull with clover-leaf appearance

may appear as lemon-shaped skull or absent, depressed nasal bridge

bulging of frontal bones and wide occiput

distortion of facial profile (look for cleft lip)

anomaly with depressed or absent nasal bridge and is an underdevelopment of the middle structures of the face

Midface hypoplasia occurs in fetuses with chromosomal anomalies such as ?

a median-cleft face syndrome consisting of a range of midline facial defects involving the eyes, forehead, and nose

frontonasal dysplasia includes what anomalies?

the primary finding for frontonasal dysplasia is

Nuchal translucency is useful in diagnosing what anomaly?

What tests are typically included with a positive nuchal screening?

b-HCG stands for

PAPP-A stands for

What is the optimal gestational age for the measurement of fetal NT?

What should the CRL be to assess fetal NT?

Where should the calipers be placed to measure a fetal NT?

What is an abnormal fetal NT?

What indicates a greater chance of chromosomal anomaly or other defects such as congenital heart disease when measuring the NT?

Masse of the nose and upper lip may indicate what anomaly?

macroglossia and organomegaly is a condition found in what fetal syndrome?

What is palladini's formula for diagnosing micrognathia?
What is considered positive?

Micrognathia is associated with what 3 groups of conditions?

What condition occurs caused by micrognathia which inhibits the fetus from swallowing amniotic fluid?

What views can be used to demonstrate the fetal ears?

What syndrome includes malformations of the ear, anophthalmia, and hemifacial microsomia?

What syndrome results in small fetal ears?

another name for lacrimal duct cysts

This has aided in the early detection of ocular anomalies and other intracranial abnormalities.

absence of the nose

Evaluation of the nasal triad should assess?

a fissure or opening of the lip

What is the most common congenital anomaly of the face?

Oblique and asymmetrical clefts may occur with what syndrome

name the causes of cleft lips

what is the most common neck mass?

caused by incomplete merging of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline

failure of maxillary prominence to merge with the lateral nasal swelling, with exposure of the nasolacrimal duct

large gap in upper lip on modified coronal view; nose is flattened and widened; a premaxillary mass may be present

incomplete fusion of maxillary prominence to the medial prominence on one side; modified coronal view

nose is intact; modified coronal view of lip

Fetal cystic hygroma can lead to what condition and fetal death?

A cystic hygroma with fetal hydrops carries a ___% of mortality.

If a fetus has both hypo and hyper thyroid antibodies what test may be nescessary to evaluate the fetal thyroid?

Neck teratomas are usually _____ and located ______.

condition associated with anencephaly in which there is complete or partial absence of the cranial bones

most sever form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a single common ventricle and malformed brain; orbital anomalies range from fused orbits to hypotelorism, with frequent nasal anomalies and clefting of the lip and palate

neural tube defect characterized by the lack of development of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and cranial vault; this abnormality is incompatible with life

an abnormality or congenital malformation

form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a common ventricle, hypotelorism, and a nose with a single nostril

severe form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a common ventricle, fusion of the orbits with one or two eyes present, and a proboscis (maldeveloped cylindrical nose)

an increase in size of the jugular lymphatic sacs because of abnormal development

a range of abnormalities from abnormal cleavage of the forebrain

congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres because of an occlusion of the carotid arteries; midbrain structures are present, and fluid replaces cerebral tissue

ventriculomegaly in the neonate; abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles, resulting in compression and frequently destruction of brain tissue

enlargment of the fetal cranium as a result of ventriculomegaly

open spinal defect characterized by protrusion of the spinal meninges

open spinal defect characterized by protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meningeal sac

neural tube defect of the spine in which the dorsal vertebrae (vertebral arches) fail to fuse together, allowing the protrusion of meninges and/or spinal cord through the defect; two types exist; spina bifida occulta (skin-covered defect of the spine without protrusion of the meninges or cord) and spina bifida cystica (open spinal defect marked by sac containing protruding meninges and/or cord)

closed defect of the spine without protrusion of meninges or spinal cord; alpha-fetoprotein analysis will not detect these lesions

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles resulting in dilation of the ventricles; compression of developing brain tissue and brain damage may result; commingly associated with additional fetal anomalies

The CNS arises from the ____ ____ ____ at around __ gestational days.

the forebrain develops into the

the midbrain develops into the

the hindbrain develops into the

the prosencephalon divides into

the rhombenencephalon divides into the

what 2 regions does the spinal cord divide into

the alar plate region of the spinal cord matures into what

the basal plate region of the spinal cord develops into the

Neural function begins at what week of gestation

at what months of gestation is a fetus capable of gripping and respiratory movement?

what is the most common neural tube defect?