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Nutritional deficit
negative nitrogen balance, causing body to use its protein stores for energy - leads to fatigue, irritability and changes in appearance; impedes ability to fight disease
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Possible causes of nutritional deficit
dietary imbalances, illness, infection, anxiety, stress
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Six routes for providing enteral nutrition
oral, nasogastric tube, gastronomy, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal, jejunostomy
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How enteral nutrition is administered
bolus, intermittent or continuous drip or cyclic infusion
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Three mixtures for enteral nutrition
blenderized, polymeric, elemental (monomeric)
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Blenderized mixture
liquid prepared based on patient's nutritional needs - may include baby food with added liquid
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Polymeric mixture
milk-based (powder mixed with milk or water) or lactose-free (isotonic solution)
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Elemental (monomeric) mixture
liquids or powders rapidly absorbed in the small intestines
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Composition of enteral mixtures
carbohydrates (dextrose, sucrose or lactose), proteins (intact, hydrolyzed or free amino acids) and fats (corn, soybean or safflower oil)
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Complications of enteral feeding
dehydration, aspiration, diarrhea
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