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HSV1
- alpha Herpes
- 1) cold sores
- 2) keratitis
- 3) erythema multiforme
- DNA VIRUS
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HSV2
- alpha Herpes
- 1) Genital herpes
- DNA VIRUS
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CMV
- beta Herpes
- 1) 50% adult population
- 2) opportunistic infection in immunocompromised
- - disseminated fatal infection with widespread visceral involvement
- DNA VIRUS
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VZV
- alpha Herpes
- 1) chickenpox
- 2) shingles
- DNA VIRUS
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HHV6 HHV7
- beta Herpes
- 1) roseola infantum
- - high fever followed by generalised macular rash in infants
- - HHV 6 associated with febrile convulsions
- DNA VIRUS
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EBV
- gamma Herpes
- 1) acute febrile illness known as mononucleosis
- - fever, headache and sore throat
- 2) oral hairy leukoplakia in AIDS
- 3) Burkitt's lymphoma
- 4) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- DNA VIRUS
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Adenovirus
- alpha Herpes
- 1) acute pharyngitis
- - extension to the larynx and trachea may cause croup
- 2) acute conjunctivis
- DNA VIRUS
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Human parvovirus B19
- Papovavirus
- 1) erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
- - rash on cheeks (slapped cheek) can occur over weeks or months
- 2) arthropathy (adults)
- 3) Aplastic crisis in sick cell
- 4) Pregnancy (T1,T2): hydrops fetalis, spontanous abortion
- DNA VIRUS
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Smallpox
- Poxvirus
- 1) eradicated in 1977
- DNA
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Cowpox
- Poxvirus
- 1) large vesicles on hands in those in contact with cows
- - associated with regional lymphadenitis and fever
- DNA VIRUS
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Orf
- Poxvirus
- 1) contagious pustular dematitis in sheep
- 2) hand lesions in human
- DNA VIRUS
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Poliovirus
- Picornavirus
- 1) incubation 7-14 days
- 2) - inapparent infection
- - abortive poliomyelitis
- - non-paralytic poliomyelitis
- - paralytic poliomyelitis
- 3) course
- - initially abortive pm. which subsides for 4-5 days before signs of meningeal irriation and muscle pain followed by asymmetric paralysis without sensory involvement
- - paralysis confined to lower limbs <5yrs and upper limbs >5ys -18yrs
- - quadraplegia or paraplegia in adults
- RNA VIRUS
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Cocksackie A16 or A10
- Cocksackie virus
- 1) Hand foot and mouth disease
- - oral and oropharynx lesions
- - vesicle and maculopapular eruption on palm of hands and soles of feet
- - affects children
- 2) Heart and muscle disease
- - acute myocarditis and pericarditis
- - congestive cardiomyopathy
- - intercostal muscle involvement
- RNA VIRUS
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Rhinovirus
- Enterovirus
- 1) common cold
- RNA VIRUS
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Rotavirus
- Reovirus
- 1) vomiting, fever and diarrhoea (children and geris)
- RNA VIRUS
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Rubella
- Togavirus
- 1) rubella
- - incubation 14-21 days
- - symptoms mild or absent <5yrs
- - malaise, fever in prodrome
- - mild conjuctivitis and lymphadenopathy (subocc, postaur, post cervical)
- - small petechial lesions on the soft palate (Forchheimer spots)
- - rash (pinkish red, macular and discrete) initially on forehead and spreads to trunk and limbs
- - usually fades by second day
- RNA VIRUS
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Yellow fever
- Flavivirus
- 1) Yellow fever
- - disease found in Africa and South America
- - transmitted by mosquitos and monkeys
- - incubation 3-6 days
- - mild disease of viral fevers
- - severe disease: high fevers for 4-5days, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, flushing, epigastric pain, vomiting, bradycardia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ecchymosis, bleeding gums, haemetemesis, malaena, coma
- RNA VIRUS
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Dengue fever
- Flavivirus
- 1) Yellow fever
- - most common arthropod borne viral infection
- - Asia, South America and Africa
- - 4 varities recognised
- - transmitted by mosquitos
- - incubation 4-5 days
- - abrupt onset of fever, malaise, headache, flushing, retrobulbar pain, conjunctival suffusion, backache, lymphadenopathy, petechia on the soft palate, rash and desquamation, lasts for 3-4 days
- RNA VIRUS
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Influenza
- Orthomyxovirus
- 1) Influenza A, B and C
- A: responsible for pandemics/epidemics
- B: localised outbreaks
- C: rarely seen in humans
- - spread via droplets
- RNA VIRUS
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Parainfluenza
- Paramyxovirus
- 1) Parainfluenza
- - parainfluenza virus I to IV
- - disease of children
- - similiar to common cold
- - severe: brassy cough with inspiratory stridor and laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
- - development of croup due to submucosal oedema and airway obstruction in the glottic region
- - fever for 2-3 days
- RNA VIRUS
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Measles
- Paramyxovirus (Rubeola)
- 1) Measles
- - highly communicable
- - spread via droplets
- - infectivity from 4 days before and 2 days after the onset of the rash
- - incubation 8-14 days
- - Two stages
- a) pre-eruptive and catarrhal: malaise, fever, rhinorrhoea, cough, conjunctival suffusion, Koplik spots (irregular grey lesions on erythematous base on buccal mucous membrane)
- b) eruptive/exanthematous stage: maculopapular rash initially on the face/forehead that spread to involve the rest of the body. Rash is initially discrete but may spread to become confluent and patchy. Fades in approx 1 week.
- RNA VIRUS
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Mumps
- Paramyxovirus
- 1) Mumps
- - droplet/direct contact spread
- - humans are only known natural host
- - peak infectivity 2-3 days before parotitis and 3 days afterwards
- - incubation 18 days
- - children and young adults
- - prodrome: fever, malaise, headache, anorexia
- - severe pain/swelling parotid glands, trismus
- RNA VIRUS
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Respiratory Syncitial Virus
- Paramyxovirus
- 1) RSV
- - respiratory infections in epidemics in Winter
- - bronchiolitis in infants
- - begins as URTI, 2-3 days later cough and low grade fever
- - bronchiolitis with dyspnoea and hyperexp/costal recession
- - short lived immunity
- - pneumonia in immunocompromised and elderly
- RNA VIRUS
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Rabies
- Rhabdovirus
- 1) Rabies
- - marked affinity for nervous tissue and salivary glands
- - transmitted bite of infected animal (dogs/foxes)
- - incubation 1-3 months
- - furious rabies (classic): pain and tingling at initial wound. fever, malaise, headache followed 10 days later by anxiety/agitation/depression. hallucinations, bizarre behaviour and paralysis may occur. sympathetic overactivity: hyperreflexia, spasticity. hydrophobia in 50% cases and aerophagia. convulsion, resp paralysis and cardiac arrhy in 10-14 days.
- - dumb rabies (paralytic): symmetrical ascending paralysis usually from rabid bats.
- RNA VIRUS
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Ebola virus
- Ebola Virus
- 1)
- - epidemics periodically
- - mainly in Africa
- - mortality 25 to 90%
- - acute onset headache, myalgia, fever, prostration
- - day 5 maculopapular rash on face and spreading to body
- - profuse diarrhoea with abdominal cramping and bomiting
- - hepatosplenomegaly and facial oedema
- RNA VIRUS
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