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Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?
they are located behind the peritoneum
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A renal corpuscle includes the
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
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Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?
proximal convuluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule
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If the Afferent arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted
the glomerular filtration rate decreases
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Whenever the plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,
glucose will appear in the urine
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The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the
nephron loop
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The hormone ADH functions to promote water reabsorption through the walls of the
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
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The largest quantity of hydrogen ions is secreted
actively through the entire renal tubule
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The ureter extends downward
behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below
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The micturation reflex center is located in the
glandular urethra
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Which of the following is not part of the male urethra?
glandular urethra
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Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?
constriction of efferent arteriole
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Which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
formation of plasma proteins
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Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?
calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
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The juxtaglomerular cells together with the macula densa are called the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is important in regulating the secretion of
Renin
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Which of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?
glucose
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Which of the following correctly describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?
water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
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The internal urethral sphincter is composed of ___ while the external sphincter is composed of ___
smooth muscles, skeletal muscles
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Much of the sodium ions (Na+) are
reabsorbed thruogh the wall of the renal tubule by active transport
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The vasa recta are branches from the pretubular capillary system are closely associated with
the juxtamedullary nephrons
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The renal medulla is composed of conical masses of tissue called
renal pyramids
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Most of potassium ions (K+) in the glomerular filtrate are actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, but some may be secreted in the distal convoluted tubule. Under the influence of Aldosterone, potassium ions are
passively secreted in the renal distal convoluted tubule
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The inter lobar vein drains into
the renal vein, to the vena cava
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What is the purpose of the countercurrent mechanism in the nephron?
It creates a highly concentrated interstitial medulla fluid so that urine can be concentrated by the collecting ducts due to increase water reabsorption
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Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium to be
conserved and water to be conserved
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