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adaptation
The process by which organisms cope with environmental stresses. 3
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anthropology
The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors. 2
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applied anthropology
The application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems. 18, 248
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archaeological anthropology
The branch of anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains; best known for the study of prehistory. Also known as "archaeology." 13
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biocultural
Referring to the inclusion and combination (to solve a common problem) of both biological and cultural approaches— one of anthropology's hallmarks. 11
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biological anthropology
The branch of anthropology that studies human biological diversity in time and space—for instance, hominid evolution, human genetics, human biological adaptation; also includes primatology (behavior and evolution of monkeys and apes). Also called physical anthropology . 15
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cultural anthropology
The study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. 12
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cultural resource management (CRM)
The branch of applied archaeology aimed at preserving sites threatened by dams, highways, and other projects. 18
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culture
Traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs; distinctly human; transmitted through learning. 2
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ethnography
Field work in a particular culture. 12
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ethnology
The theoretical, comparative study of society and culture; compares cultures in time and space. 13
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food production
Plant cultivation and animal domestication. 4
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general anthropology
The field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology. 4
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holistic
Interested in the whole of the human condition past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture. 2
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linguistic anthropology
The branch of anthropology that studies linguistic variation in time and space, including interrelations between language and culture; includes historical linguistics and sociolinguistics . 16
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natural selection
Originally formulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace; the process by which nature selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment, such as the tropics. 9
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phenotype
An organism's evident traits, its "manifest biology"—anatomy and physiology. 6, 232
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racial classification
The attempt to assign humans to discrete categories (purportedly) based on common ancestry. 6
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science
A systematic field of study or body of knowledge that aims, through experiment, observation, and deduction, to produce reliable explanations of phenomena, with reference to the material and physical world. 17
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sociolinguistics
Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context. 17, 71
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tropics
Geographic belt extending about 23 degrees north and south of the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer (north) and the Tropic of Capricorn (south). 9
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