Chapter 23 Parkinson's

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A slowly degenerative CNS disorder that causes degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons

Parkinson's disesase
In which individuals is Parkinson more common
- over 60
- males
Where are the dopamine releasing neurons released from

substantia nigra
Where are the substantia nigra located

midbrain
Describe the patho of Parkison

substantia nigra send message to travel to basal ganglia to release dopamine

dopamine inhibits acetylcholine

this creates a balance of movement

In Parkinson's the neurons going to basal ganglia are degenerating

=decreased dopamine
What happens to the body with no dopamine
- basal ganglia produces to much acetylcholine
- effects voluntary muscles
What is the etiology of Primary Parkinsons

idiopathic
What is the etiology for secondary Parkinson's/Parkinsonism
- Poisoning
- Infection:Post Encephalitis
- Trauma
- Vascular disease
- Drug induced
- Tranquilizers
What is the most common cause of Parkinsonism

side effects of major tranquilizers like Thorazine(psych patients)
What are the signs of Parkinson's
- Resting tremor
- Pill rolling tremor
- nodding head
- muscle rigidity
- bradykinesia
- akinesa
- shuffling gait
- posture changes
- mask-like facial expression,drool, chewing hard to do, speech difficult
- ANS
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- orthostatic hypotension
What is bradykinesia

slowness in initiating or stopping voluntary movements

ie. stop in door, turning corner
What is akinesia

Complete or partial muscle movement loss
What ANS signs are noted in a patient with Parkinson
- Diaphoresis
- Excessive saliva production
- Excessive sebaceous gland sectreations
What are the diagnstic test for Parkinson's
- H&P
- Urinalysis-decreased dopamine
- EEG-dementia
- Autopsy-Pale substantia nigra
What are the compliactions of Parkinson's
- Debilitating
- Dementia
- Pneumonia
- UTI
What is the leading cause of death for patients with Parkinson's

Pneumonia
What is the treatment for Parkinson's
- supportive
- treatment of infections to prevent organ damage
- physical therapy
- nutrition
- levadopa
- selegiline
- botox
- DBS
Does dopamine cross the blood brain barrier

no
What is levadopa
- presursor to dopamine
- crosses barrier
- converts to dopamine in brain
Why is the use of levadopa postponed
- side effects-Arrythmias, GI hemmorhages
- causes neruons to stop releasing dopamine we can create
What drug blocks the breakdown of levadopa in the brain

selegiline
What is the prognosis for Parkinson's
- chronic
- not fatal

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tville01

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Chapter 23 Parkinson's

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Chapter 23 Parkinson's

Updated

2012-06-01T13:05:30Z