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Meeting of all Mongol chieftans at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected.
Kuriltai
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Titile of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes.
Khagan
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Basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided in to units of 1,000, 100, and 10.
Tumens
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Ruler of Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandson's; rsponsible for invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.
Batu
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Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as Khagan of the Mongols following his father's death.
Ogedei
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One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia.
Golden Horde
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Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.
Khanates
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Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia.
Battle of Kulikova
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In legneds popular from 12th to 17th century, a mythicla Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests; CHinggis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical ruler.
Prester John
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A ruler of the Golden Horde; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East.
Berke
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Grandson of CHinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271.
Kubilai Kahn
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Present-Day Beijing; so-called when Kubilai Khan ruled China.
Dadu
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Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interestes of Buddhists in China; indictave of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese; died c. 1281.
Chabi
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Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule.
White Lotus Society
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The given name of the Hongwu emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty.
Yuanzhang, Zhu
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Also known as Tamerlane; leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360's from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405.
Timur-i-Lang
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