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Chapter 23 MS
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CNS progressive demyelinated disorder
MS
Is the peripheral nervous system involved in MS
no
What gender is more affected by MS
women
What is the normal age to be diagnoised with MS
20-40
What race is primarily affected by MS
caucasians
What is the etiology of MS
idiopathic
What have epidemiologist discovered
viral illness in teens & genetic predisposition
prevalent farther from equator
uncommon in tropics
not inherited,but family predisposition
What cell produces myelin in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
What is the patho of MS
nerve fibers in the white brain matter, spine, and optic nerves demyelinate
lesions of plaque form
How are the plaque lesions formed
immune-mediated inflammatory response
lymphs invade CNS
Killer T cells & Macs help damage oligodendrocytes
B cells migrate to CNS during inflammation
B Cells trapped after inflammation stops
proliferate into plasma cells
secreate IgG
IgG found in CSF
IgG composed of oligoclonal bands
Is MS an autoimmune disorder
yes
What is not found in the serum
indicates immunological acitivy in the brain
and is useful in the diagnosis of MS
CSF oligoclonal IgG
What happens to CNS with each exacerbation of MS
more areas of the CNS are involved
eventually degenertaion becomes irreversable
What are the signs of MS
optic neuritis
diplopia
blurred vision
scotoma
nystagmus
parathesias
fatigue
muscular weakness
unsteady gait
hyperreflexia
paraplegia/quadraplegia
sphincter abnormalities
dysphagia
speech problems
dysarthria
heat intolerance
emotional disturbances
What is optic neuritis
unilateral visual impairment from clouding, blurry, or complete vision loss
What is diplopia
double vision
What is a scotoma
a spot in the vision field
involuntary movement of the eye in all directions
nystagmus
loss of the sensation of touch accompanied by tingling or burning to the face and extremities
parathesias
What is the rationale behind muscle weakness in MS
related to the plauqes forming on the corticospinal tract
What causes paraplegia or quadriplegia in MS
plauqes and edema blocking transmission to the spinal cord
Why would speech problems occur in a patient with MS
impairment of tounge or other speech muscles
What is dysarthria
poor articulation
What effect can heat have on individuals with MS
worsen signs and symptoms
What is the rationale behind the emotional outbursts associated with MS
plauqes on the temporal and frontal lobes
What are the diagnostic test used for MS
H&P
MRI
CT
CSF
Evoked response studies
What is the CSF examined for when checking for MS
elevated oligoclonal IgG
What are evoked respopnse studies
electrophysiologically showing delays to stimuli in unmylienated axons
What are the complications of MS
progressive and chronic disability
paralysis
respiratory infection
cystitis/kidney infection
death
Why is repiratory infection a possible complication of MS
impaired ventilation
Why would a person with MS get cystitis
urinary incontinence leads to urinary stasis
causing an infection
What will normally cause the death of a patient with MS
infection
What are the treatments for a patient with MS
Pallative
steroids
interferon
physical therapy
healthy outlook
Why are steroids given to a patient with MS
mainstay for acute relapse
reduce inflammation
improve nerve condition
reduce exabcerbations
What is always a concern when prescribing corticosteroids to a patient
side effects
How does interferon treatment work in MS
cytokine prevents viral replication
decreases antibody formation
antibodies not there to attack mylein sheath
Why is physical therapy done for patients with MS
maintain mucscle tone
What is the prognosis for MS
unpredictable
Which MS patients have a worse prognosis
onset after 40 or early motor disability development early in the course of the disease
Author
tville01
ID
156480
Card Set
Chapter 23 MS
Description
Chapter 23 MS
Updated
2012-06-01T12:33:58Z
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