Physiology Ch. 1-3

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Physiology, what is it?

The scientific study of how the body functions
What are the two different approaches to Physiology?

Teleological- explains "why" something is done

Mechanistic- explains "how" something is done step by step
What is a cell?

A basic collection of molecules bound together and kept from the outside enviorment by a cell membrane.
Tissue:

A group of cells (typically similar)
Cell Junction

Holds cell together
Extracellular Matrix (Matrix)

Material created and secreted by the cells of a tissue that helps keep the cells together.
Which types of tussue have only a small amount of extracellular matrix?
- A. Nervous Tissue
- B. Muscular Tissue
What is a cell junction?

The location where cells join together
What are the three types of Cell junction?
- Gap Junctions
- Tight Junctions
- Anchoring Junctions
Gap Junctions:
- Cell-cell junction
- Connects the cytoplasm to cytoplasm with bridges
- Allows Electircal and Chemical signals
Tight Junctions:

Prevents movement between linked cells unless selectively moved through cell
Give an example of a Tight Junction

The Blood Brain Barrier: barrier dividing the brain and blood
Anchoring Junction (Desmosome):
- Holds cells in place
- Allows twisting and stretching
- Cell-cell or cell-matrix
What are the 4 basic types of tissue?
- 1. Epithellial
- 2. Connective
- 3. Muscle
- 4. Nervous
Main job of Epithellial tissue?
- To protect and seperate internal and external enviornments
- Serves as a barrier
What are two examples of Epithellial tissue?
- Skin
- Digestive Tract
- Eye sockets
- Nose
- Mouth
What is another function of Epitellial tissue?
- To create and secrete chemicals
- Sweat, saliva, hormones
Characteristics of Epithellial Tissue:
- One or more layers of connected cells
- One side of layer faces the "free" side of cavity (lumen)
- Other side connects to basement cavity
- Found in "sheets" or "glands"
Two types of glands:
- Exocrine
- Endocrine
Exocrine glands:

Ducts to the surface (sweat, saliva, milk)
Endocrine Glands

Under the surface pockets that create and release hormones into the bloodstream
Connective Tissue
- Provide structure support and serve as an anchor
- Contain fibroblasts
Types of Fibroblast Cells
- Collogen
- Elastin
- Fibrillin
Muscle Tissue
- Contracts in response to specific stimulus
- EXCITABLE
What does it mean if something is "excitable"?

A short reversable change in the membrane tissue
Name the three types of muscle?
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Which two types of muscle are involuntary?
- Cardiac & Smooth
- *controlled by the autonomic nervous system
What do Skeletal and Cardiac muscles have in common?

C. Striated
What do Smooth and Cardiac muscles have in common?

C. Both have a single nucleus
Skeletal Muscle:
- Voluntary control
- Moves bone
- Striated
- Multinucleated
- Cylindrical shape
Cardiac Muscle
- Involuntary control
- Striated
- Single Nucleus
- Branched
Smooth Muscle
- Involuntary control
- Non-striated
- Single Nucleus
- Spindle shaped
Nervous tissue is comprised of:
- Glial Cells (about 90%)
- Neurons (about 10%)
Glial Cells
- Part of the nervous tissue
- Support neurons (Nurse Cells)
Neurons:
- Send signals to communicate
- -chemically and electrically
- EXCITABLE
Organs

A collection of multiple tissue types that perform a function
Organ Systems

A collection of organs that perform a specific task.
Name all 11 Organ Systems:
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Respritory
- Digestive
- Endocrine
- Integumentary
- Musculoskeletal
- Nervous
- Reproductive
- Excretory
- Immune

Author

igarett

156395

Card Set

Physiology Ch. 1-3

Description

Physiology Notes for Chapter 1 though 3

Updated

2012-05-30T02:47:48Z

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