Name of the air-filled pockets within the lungs where all gas exchange takes place.
Alveoli
What lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Respiratory mucosa
(consists of epithelial layer and lamina propria)
What is the sound production at the larynx called?
Phonation
The groove along the medial surface of the lunch that each bronchus travels to is called a ________.
Also where pulmonary nerves, BV's and lymphatics enter the lunch
hilum
_______ is the condition where there is an inflammation of bronchial walls that causes constriction and breathing difficulty.
Bronchitis
What is Bronchodilation and what causes it?
~dilation of the bronchial airways (reduces resistance)
~caused by sympathetic ANS activation
What is Bronchoconstriction and what is it caused by?
~constricts bronchi
~caused by parasymp. ANS and histamine release (allergy rxns)
______ is excessive stimulation and bronchoconstriction that severely restricts airflow.
Asthma
______ contains the supportive tissues and lymphatic vessels of the lungs
Trabeculae
______ is an oily secretion that contains phospolipids and proteins and reduces surface tension.
surfactant
_______ is the thin membrane of alveoli where gas exchange takes place
Respiratory membrane
The Respiratory membrane contains:
D) all of these
______ is an inflammation of the lobules of the lungs that causes fluid to leak into alveolo and compromises function of the respiratory membrane.
Pneumonia
The respiratory exchange receives blood from:
D) arteries of pulmonary circuit
______ respiration includes all processes incolced in exchanging 02 and CO2 with the environment.
External
_______ respiration involves the uptake of O2 and production of CO2 w/in individual cells
internal
Which is NOT one of the processes of external respiration?
C) production of CO2
______ is the physical movement of air in and out of respiratory tract that provides alveolar ventilation
pulmonary ventilation
_______ allows air into the pleural cavity
A) pneumothorax
_____ is the result of a pneumothorax; called a "collapsed lung"
A) atelectasis
Inhalation is
A) active
Exhalation is:
B) either active or passive
Which is NOT a mechanism of breathing?
D) pectoral muscles
When inhalation muscles relax, the elastic components of muscles and lungs recoils, returning the lungs to their original position in a process called ________
D) elastic rebound
States that each gas contributes to the total pressure in proportion to its # of molecules
B) Dalton's law
______ is the pressure contributed by each gas in the atmosphere.
A) partial pressure
States that when a gas under pressure comes in contact with a liquid, gas dissolves in liquid until an equilibruim and that the amount of gas in a solution is proportional to partial pressure of that gas.
B) Henry's law
Factor(s) that effect hemoglobin is/are
D) all of these
According to the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve, higher PO2 results in a _____ Hb saturation.
B) greater
The Bohr Effect is caused by
D) CO2
Fetal Hb binds ____ O2 than adult Hb
C) more
Co2 can be carries in the blood stream by being:
D) all of these
The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) functions in
D) both
The Ventral Respiratory Group (DRG) functions in
D) forced breathing
Hypercapnia is an _______ in arterial PCO2 that stimulates chemoreceptors to restore homeostatis
a) increase
b) decrease