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What are the four major points of the theory of evolution?
- 1. Variation exists within the genes of every species (mutation)
- 2. In a particular environment some individuals of a species are better suited for survival and so leave more offspring (natural selection)
- 3. Over time change within species leads to the replacement of old species by new species as less successful species become extinct (survival of the fittest)
- 4. Evidence from fossils and other sources indicate species now on Earth have coevolved (descended) from ancestral forms that are extinct (evolution)
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Who was the unpaid naturalist on a naval voyage of the HMS Beagle?
Charles Darwin
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On what islands did Darwin notice the plants and animals resembled those of the nearby coast of South America?
Galapagos Islands
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What was Darwin's theory of the species on the Galapagos Islands?
They migrated to the islands and then evolved.
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What is Darwin's term for the change?
Descent with Modification
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What is the term for the process by which populations change in respose to their environment?
Natural Selection
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The changing of a species that results in its being better suited to its environment is called?
adaption
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Define Population?
A group of individuals that belong to the same species, live in a defined area, and breed with others in the group
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Who did Darwin pair up with to jointly present their idea of evolution at a public scientific meeting?
Alfred Russel Wallace
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In what year did Darwin finish his book and what was it called?
1859; On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
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What are two constant sources of ne variations for natural selection?
Mutations and the recombinations of genes
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What term refers to change that occurs within a species over time?
Microevolution
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Populations of the same species living in ___________ locations tend to evolve in different directions.
different
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What is isolation?
The condition in which two population of the same secies are separated from one another
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As isolation populations of the same species become increasingly different the populations may no longer be able to do what?
Interbreed (breed with one another)
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When two populations cannot interbreed the populations are considered to be different?
Species
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What two occurences can result in some species becoming extinct?
Climate changes and Natural Disasters
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What does extinct mean?
The species disappears permanently.
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Species that are better suited to the new conditions may replace those that become ___________?
Extinct
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What is macroevolution?
The evolution of among many species over time.
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What is a fossil?
A perserved or mineralized remain or trace of an organism.
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Give some examples of a fossil.
bone, tooth, shell, footprint, burrow, imprint
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When do most fossils?
When organisms are rapidly buried in fine sediment deposited by water, wind, or volcanic eruptions
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What environments are most conducive for fossils?
Wet lowlands, slow-moving streams, lakes, shallow seas, and areas near volcanoes that spew out volcanic ash
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Similarities in body sructures even though functions ay be different are known as?
Homologous
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Homologous share a comon __________?
Ancestry
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What is gradualism?
The model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to species formation
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What is the model of evolution in which periods of rapid change in species are separated by periods of little or no change?
Punctuated Equilibrium
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