ONCOLOGY

what are the four main targets of genetic damage?

3/4 of cases are unilateral and due to sporadic mutations. 1/4 of cases are bilateral and 1 "hit" comes from parents, 1 "hit" comes from sporadic genetic change.

what is the most common oncogene abnormality in humans? what disease is most associated with it?

what type of cancer is associated?

Rb

what type of cancer is associated?

DPC

what type of cancer is associated?

APC

what type of cancer is associated?
WTI

what type of cancer is associated?

BRCA1 and 2

what cancers are associated with K-RAS mutation?

name the most common cancers in men. name the most common cancers in women.

what are the most common cancers causing mortality?

what cancers are associated with UV radiation?

Which type of UV radiation is most problematic?

what type of cancer is associated?

RET

what diseases are associated with DNA-repair defects?

What organism is associated with SCC of the bladder? "An Egyptian with Hematuria"

Associated neoplasms:

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Associated neoplasms:

Down Syndrome

Associated neoplasms:

Plummer Vinson

Associated neoplasms:

Tuberous Sclerosis

Associated neoplasms:

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Associated neoplasms:
Paget Disease of the bone

Associated neoplasms:

Nitrosamines

Associated neoplasms:

Asbestos

Associated neoplasms:

Naphthalene

Associated neoplasms:

Arsenic

Associated neoplasms:

EBV

Associated neoplasms:

HPV

Associated neoplasms:

Schistosoma haematobium

What type of tumor matches following description:

benign tumor of epithelium

What type of tumor matches following description:

malignant tumor of the blood vessels

What type of tumor matches following description:

benign tumor of bone

What type of tumor matches following description:

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Nomenclature:

"Hemangi" or "angi"

Nomenclature:

"leiomyo"

Nomenclature:

"rhabdomyo"

Nomenclature:

Fibro

what enzyme is normally absent in somatic cells but is active in stem cells and cancer cells?

what are the proangiogenic cytokines?

Name the tumor marker:

HCC

Name the tumor marker:

Ovarian Cancer

Name the tumor marker:

Pancreatic cancer

Name the tumor marker:

Melanoma

Name the tumor marker:

Colon Cancer

Name the tumor marker:

Astrocytoma

what is the most common cause of hypercalcemia? what cancers can cause hypercalcemia?

what neoplasm is most commonly responsible for:

ACTH -> Cushings

what neoplasm is most commonly responsible for:

Erythropoetin -> polycythemia

what neoplasm is most commonly responsible for:

ADH -> SIADH

which cancers mets to bone?

which cancers mets to brain?

which cancers mets to liver?

What is the primary immune cell involved in host tumor immune surveillance?

what enzyme present in melanoma generates peptides that are targets for host t cells?

How can tumor cells evade attack from cytotoxic T cells?

how might tumor cells induce apoptosis of T cells that would antagonize them?

Methotrexate: MOA, Notes, Tx:

5-Fluorouracil: MOA, Tx, Notes

6-mercaptopurine: MOA, Tx, Notes

Which anticancer drug is also used for rheumatoid disease and ectopic pregnancies?

For which cancers is dactinomycin particularly useful?

Anticancer drug:

forms complex between topoisomerase II and DNA

Anticancer drug:

Alkylates DNA, toxicity-> pulmonary fibrosis

Anticancer drug:

Fragments DNA, toxicity -> pulmonary fibrosis

Anticancer drug:

Blocks purine synthesis, metabolized by xanthine oxidase

Anticancer drug:

Crosslinks DNA, nephrotoxic, ototoxic

Anticancer drug:

Nitrogen mustard, alkylates DNA

Anticancer drug:

Folic acid analog inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Anticancer drug:

prevents tubulin disassembly

Anticancer drug:

Intercalates DNA, produces oxygen free radicals, cardiotoxic

Anticancer drug:

DNA alkylating agents used in brain cancer

Anticancer drug:

prevents tubulin assembly

Anticancer drug:

inhibits thymidylate synthase -> decreased nucleotide synthesis

Anticancer drug:

SERM - blocks estrogen binding to the ER+ cells

Anticancer drug:

Mechanism similar to antivirals acyclovir and foscarnet

Anticancer drug:

Mechanism similar to fluoroquinolones

Anticancer drug:

Mechanism similar to trimethoprim

Anticancer drug:

monoclonal antibody against HER2

Anticancer drug:

Free radical-induced DNA breakage

Anticancer drug:

Inhibitor of PRPP synthetase

Anticancer drug:

Reversible with leucovorin

Anticancer drug:

treatment for choriocarcinoma

Anticancer drug:

Treatment for AML

Anticancer drug:

Treatment for CML

Anticancer drug:

Prevents breast cancer

Anticancer drug:

Treatment for testicular cancer

Anticancer drug:

applied topically for actinic keratosis and BCC's

Anticancer drug:

Treatment for childhood tumors

Anticancer drug:

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Anticancer drug:

side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis

Anticancer drug:

Antibodies against mutated tyrosine kinase from philadelphia chromosome

What are the potenital side effects of prednisone use?