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How many high and low tides migrate around Earth in 24-hour cycles?
Two high and two low tides
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What two objects create the tides? Which creates stronger tides?
The sun and the moon. The moon creates strong tides.
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Describe the spring tide.
It is the greatest tidal range between high and low tides. Spring tides occur as the result of the combined gravitational effect of the sun and moon.
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Describe neap tides.
The opposite of a spring tide, it creates a lesser tidal range. Occur when the Sun and Moon's gravittional influences counteract each other.
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When the moon is getting brighter, it is _____. When it is dimming, it is ______.
Waxing; waning
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What 3 factors determine wave size?
Strength, Fetch, and Length
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Define fetch
The area where wind blows
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What is the term for a wave that gets pulled back by gravity?
Backwash
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Where do waves slow down? Why?
They slow down along the shore because of the increasing friction along the ocean floor.
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Why is there more sand in the bays?
There is less energy in the waves, meaning less erosion.
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Why is our shoreline so jagged?
It's jagged due to the fact that plate tectonics are always making new landmasses for exogenic forces to weather away.
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What are groins?
Rock structures that trap sand.
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Why are more groins needed when one groin is put into place?
The other side of the groin causes erosion, creating the need for more groins
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What do breakwaters do? What kinbd of environment do they create?
Breakwaters cause waves to get less intense. They create a depositional environement, causing beaches to get bigger.
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What are sea stacks?
Sea stacks are old shorelines. They are comprised of hared rock that did not weather away, and was taken over by water.
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What are sand spits? What kind of environment do they create?
Sand spits are rocks that create a depositional environment.
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Define baymouth bar.
A spit that has grown to completely cut off the bay from the ocean and formed an inland lagoon.
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During high tide, _____ fills Morro Bay. During low tide, ____ washes out and _______ rushes in.
salt water; basalt; fresh water
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What is a tombolo?
Sand that piles up between a sand spit and the shoreline.
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What did the channel in the San Francisco Bay used to be?
A river.
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What causes tsunamis?
Earthquakes
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What happens to the tsunami waves once they hit shore?
Wavelength increases and wave height decreases.
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What are inorganic composes beaches made of?
Silica
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What does littoral mean?
It forms along the shoreline
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What is the deepest submarine canyon?
Monterey Bay
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What are organic beaches composed of?
Ground up sea shells, coral, etc.
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What are marine terraces?
Old shorelines that formed when the sea level was higher or lower.
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_____ water has a higher capacity to hold nutrients.
Cold
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