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Three Types of Biopsies
- 1) Incisional
- 2) Excisional
- 3) Fine Needle Aspiration
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Cancer
Term for a disease in which abnormal cells divide beyond control.
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Complementary & Alternative Medicines (CAM)
Treatments that may include dietary supplements, herbal preparations, acupuncture, massage, magnet therapy, meditation
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Double-Contast Barium Enema
Diagnostic test to examine the colon an rectum in which an individual is administered a barium enema and then radiographs are taken
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Excisional Biopsy
Surgical procedure in which an entire lump or suspicious-looking tissue is removed for diagnosis
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External Radiation
Radiation therapy that uses a machine to a high-energy rays at the cancer
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Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Test to check for blood in stool
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Implant Radiation
- Procedure in which radioactive material is sealed in needles, seeds, wires or catheters and placed directly in or near tumour
- Aka Brachytherapy
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Ionizing Radiation
- Type of high-frequency radiation produced by x-rays.
- Carcinogenic
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Leukemia
Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow
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Melanoma
Form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, pigment producing cells
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Polyp
Growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane
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Radiation Therapy
Use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays and neutrons to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours
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Radon
Radioactive gas that if inhaled can lead to lung cancer
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Sonogram
Computer image of organs by an ultrasound
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Staging
Extent of cancer based on tumour size, lymph node contamination and spread
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Stem Cell
Type of cell from which other types of cells develop
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Stem Cell Transplant
Procedure used to replace cells that were destroyed by cancer treatment
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Tumor Marker
Substance sometimes found in the blood, body fluids or tissue that may signal the present of certain cancer types.
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Cancer Risk Factors
- 1) Age
- 2) Tabacco
- 3) Ionzing Radiation & Sun
- 4) Hazardous Chemicals & Enviro Pollutants
- 5) Bacterial/Viral Infection
- 6) Hormone Therapy
- 7) Family History
- 8) Alcoholism
- 9) Diet, Inactivity and Obesity
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Signs of Skin Cancer
- A - asymmetry
- B - border
- C - color
- D - diameter
- E - elevation
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Treatment of Cancer is Based on;
- 1) Type of Cancer
- 2) Stage of Cancer
- 3) Tolerance for ADRs
- 4) Age
- 5) Grade of the primary tumor
- 6) Capacity of the Cancer to Metatasize
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Common Ending of Aromatase Inhibitors
"-trozole"
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Common Ending for Taxanes
"-taxel"
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Common Ending for Anthracyclines
"-rubicin"
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Common Ending for Topoisomerase Inhibitors
"-poside" & "-tecan"
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Common Ending for Platinum Compounds
"-platin"
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4 Cancer Stages
- 1) Primary Site only
- 2) Primary Region
- 3) Spread to other Regions
- 4) Spread to Lymph Nodes
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Treatment of Each Stage
- 1) Surgery of Cancer Site
- 2) Surgery+Minimal Therapy
- 3) Surgery+Heavy Therapies
- 4) Pallative Care
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Adjuvant Therapy
Chemotherapy done after surgery to irradicate any leftover cancerous cells
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Treatment Choice for Breast Cancer
Hormone Therapy
- 1) Antiestrogens
- 2) Estrogen Downregulators
- 3) Aromatase Imhibitors
- 4) Progestins
- 5) GnRH / LHRH
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Common Beginning for Vinca Alkaloids
"vin-"
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5-FU
Fluoropyrimidines
- 1) Colotectal Cancers
- 2) Leukemia
- 3) Gastric Cancers
- 4) Basal Cell Carcinoma
- 5) Lung Cancer
- 6) Ovarian Cancer
- 7) Pamcreatic Cancer
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Akylating Agents
- 1) Breast Cancer
- 2) Hodgkin's disease,
- 3) Non-Hodgkin's
- 4) Acute Lymphocytic Leuk.
- 5) Ovarian Cancer
- 6) Multiple Myeloma
- 7) Retinoblastoma
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Taxanes
Treats Breast Cancer
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Vinca Alkaloids
- 1) Lung Cancer
- 2) Breast Cancer
- 3) Kaposi's Sarcoma
- 4) Hodgkin's/non Disease
- 5) Testicular Cancer
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Anthracyclines
- 1) Breast Cancer
- 2) Bladder Cancer
- 3) Lung Cancer
- 4) Hogkin's
- 5) Leukemia
- 6) Gastric Cancer
- 7) Ovarian Cancer
- 8) Thyroid Cancer
- 9) Multiple Myelome
- 10) Sarcoma
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Monoclonal Antibodies
Treats Metastatic Breast Cancer
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Antimetabolites
- 1) Lung Cancer
- 2) Breast Cancer
- 3) Bladder Cancer
- 4) Leukemia/Lymphoma
- 5) Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Platinum Compounds
Treats Testicular and Ovarian Cancers
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Topoisomerase Inhibitors
- 1) Testicular Cancer
- 2) Lung Cancer
- 3) Leukemia
- 4) Ovarian Cancer
- 5) Cervical Cancer
- 6) Colorectal Cancer
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Bleomycin
- 1) Reproduction Cancers
- 2) Hodgkin's Disease
- 3) Head & Neck Cancers
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Mitomycin
- 1) Gastric Cancers
- 2) Pancreatic Cancer
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Hydroxyurea
- 1) Head & Neck Cancers
- 2) Ovarian Cancer
- 3) Leukemia
- 4) Sickle Cell Anemia
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