chapter 21, urinary General

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In a urinalysis what would a cloudy apperance suggest
- large amounts of
- protein
- blood
- bacteria and/or pus
In a urinalysis what would a drak sample suggest
- hematuria(blood)
- excessive bilirubin
- highly concentrated urine
In a urinalysis what would an unpleasant odor suggest
- infection
- diet
- medication
What are abnormal constituents of urine
- hematuria
- protenuria
- bacteriuria
- pyuria
- Casts
- glucose and ketones(ketoacids)
- low specific gravity
When would hematuria be present in the urine in small (microscopic)amount
- infection
- inflammation
- tumors of UT
When would hematuria be present in the urine in large (gross)amount
- increased glomerular permability
- hemmorhage in UT
What would proteinuria(albuminuria) indicate
- albumin leaking
- mixed plasma proteins
- causes inflammation & increased glommerular permability
What would bacteriuria/pyuria indicate

UT infection
What would the appearence of casts in the urine indicate

inflammation of kidney tubules
What is the specific gravity

indicates ability of tubules to concentrate urine
What does a low specific gravity indicate

renal failure(assuming normal hydration)
What would glucose and ketones in the urine indicate

diabetes is not well maintained
What blood test are used to detect urinary system disorders
- BUN
- Serum creatine
- creatine clearance
- antibody levels
- Decreased serum pH-acidosis
- CBC-anemia
What is the end product of protein metabolism

urea
What happens to plasma levels in renal failure

plasma levels increase as GFR decreases
what are the kidney diagnostic tests
- creatine clearance
- blood urea nitrogen
what does creatine clearance test for

amount of creatine excreated in a 24 hr period
What are the 2 antibody test given to detect urinary disorders
- antistreptolysin O(ASO)
- antistreptokinase(ASK)
Which antibody test is for streptococcal antibodies

ASO
Both antistreptolysin O(ASO) and antistreptokinase(ASK) antibody test are used to diagnois what

posteptococcal glomerulonephritis
what causes acidosis
- decreased GFR
- tubules not controling acid-base balance
X-ray of UT after injection of radioplaque into vein
allows veiw of tumors, obstructions, and deformities

Intravenous pyelogram/IVP/Intravenous Urogram
X-ray of UT
contrast material intorduced directly into bladder and ureter through cytoscope

retrograde pyelogram
examination inside bladder with a lighted instrument
used for biopsy

cytoscopy
X-ray of the bladder as person is urinating
bladder filled with contrast material
reveals bladder reflux

voiding cystogram
X-ray without die
1st test performed
used to determine position of kidneys, ureters and bladder
looking for gross abnormalities

KUB

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tville01

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chapter 21, urinary General

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chapter 21, urinary General

Updated

2012-05-23T16:52:46Z