lifespan

When you look at the rate of growth for children from ages 7 to 11, you see that:






A.
children grow more slowly than they did in early childhood.

B.
children grow faster than they did in early childhood.

C.
the rate is about the same from ages 2 to 12.

D.
children have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years.

The number of overweight children in the United States has increased ______ since 1980.






A.
slightly

B.
marginally

C.
markedly

D.
minimally

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his or her focus on certain self-chosen environmental elements to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as:






A.
automatization.

B.
decentration.

C.
transduction.

D.
selective attention.

April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a(n):






A.
achievement test.

B.
IQ test.

C.
field test.

D.
aptitude test.

Howard Gardner believes that:






A.
there are twelve distinct intelligences.

B.
everyone is equal in all types of intelligence.

C.
IQ tests are the best way to measure intelligence.

D.
musical ability is a type of intelligence.

Mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 is the:






A.
PIQ.

B.
VIQ.

C.
concept of aptitude.

D.
IQ.

A distinct type of intelligence described by Robert Sternberg is:






A.
physical.

B.
self-knowledge.

C.
logical-methodical.

D.
practical.

In the school years, Piaget believed that children are in the period of:






A.
latency.

B.
preoperational thought.

C.
metacognitive thought.

D.
concrete operational thought.

Because she understands reversibility, Darcie believes that:






A.
if she doesn't like her snowman, she can always tear it apart and redistribute the snow.

B.
her brother will get in trouble if he breaks his mother's favorite vase.

C.
adults never grow younger.

D.
she can wear her sweater inside out or backwards.

The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to that of:






A.
animals.

B.
high-level business companies.

C.
computers.

D.
athletic teams

Metacognition refers to:






A.
better problem-solving strategies.

B.
better problem-solving abilities.

C.
thinking about one's thinking processes.

D.
considering multiple alternatives.

John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers when called on in class. This is because John understands the:






A.
metacognitive aspects of intellect.

B.
pragmatics of his language.

C.
automatized view of social interaction.

D.
control processes of regulation.

The issue of local control of curriculum and national standards is a controversial aspect of:






A.
the hidden curriculum.

B.
the No Child Left Behind Act.

C.
Reading First.

D.
IQ testing.

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school which are the unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school is called the:






A.
territorial imperative.

B.
whole language theory.

C.
socioeconomic divide.

D.
hidden curriculum.

The so-called reading wars most specifically are related to:






A.
memorization vs. comprehension.

B.
whole language vs. phonics.

C.
abstract conceptualization vs. concrete comprehension.

D.
metacognition vs. the hidden curriculum.

In social comparison, children compare themselves with standards set by:






A.
the media.

B.
their own past behavior.

C.
sports heroes.

D.
peers.

Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of ______ in his description of the stages of moral development.






A.
Sigmund Freud

B.
Jean Piaget

C.
Erik Erikson

D.
Carol Gilligan

The Piagetian stage of development that matches Kohlberg's stage of preconventional morality is:






A.
the sensorimotor period.

B.
the preoperational stage.

C.
concrete operations.

D.
formal operations.

A Florida man killed a doctor who performed abortions. The man knew this was a crime, and he knew he could be convicted of murder. He said stopping abortion was worth dying for. This is an example of:






A.
insanity.

B.
preconventional morality.

C.
conventional morality.

D.
postconventional morality.

The key word in the definition of bullying is:






A.
attacks.

B.
repeated.

C.
abused.

D.
intolerant.

The only country to have a nationwide effort to reduce bullying is:






A.
the United States.

B.
Spain.

C.
Norway.

D.
England.

Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:






A.
family structures.

B.
measurements of family harmony.

C.
functions of a family.

D.
suggestions for stress resilience.

Because John's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, John is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping him keep his positive attitude?






A.
the notion that things will eventually get better

B.
his circle of friends and their activities

C.
looking toward the future and to living away from his parents

D.
understanding his parent's problems

For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is the:






A.
growth of the penis.

B.
first ejaculation of live sperm.

C.
first intercourse.

D.
discharge of enough sperm to fertilize an ovum.

The first sign of puberty in a typical girl is:






A.
a spurt in height.

B.
the onset of breast growth.

C.
an increase in weight.

D.
the development of muscular strength.

In males, the onset of puberty brings:






A.
dramatic increases in testosterone and slight increases in estrogen.

B.
dramatic increases in estrogen and slight increases in testosterone.

C.
dramatic increases in both testosterone and estrogen.

D.
an increase in testosterone only.

In the twentieth century, puberty started a few months earlier for each subsequent generation due to better nutrition and medical care, representing a(n):






A.
generational hormonal shift.

B.
advanced pituitary pattern.

C.
evolution of the HPA axis.

D.
secular trend.

Family conflict and stress:






A.
may cause the early onset of puberty.

B.
may cause the late onset of puberty.

C.
typically increase after puberty.

D.
typically decrease after puberty.

In a recent experiment conducted on 10- to 14-year olds and their food choices:






A.
junk food was overwhelmingly selected over healthy food.

B.
junk food was mostly selected along with one small healthy food item.

C.
healthy food was selected if it was cheaper than unhealthy food.

D.
healthy food was consistently selected regardless of peer influence or price.

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is:






A.
lengthening of the torso.

B.
increased muscle mass.

C.
growth of arms and legs.

D.
growth of fingers and toes.