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What motion does the shoulder joint move?
Circular motion
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What motion does the elbow and knee move?
Hinge motion
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Define sprain
A sprain is a joint injury in which there is both some partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends or partial stretching /tearing of ligaments.
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Name an incomplete fracture that occurs in children
Greenstick fracture
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You should suspect a fracture if one of the following signs is present in any pt. (name all for the test)
- Deformity
- Tenderness
- Guarding
- Swelling
- Bruising
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Define Crepitus
A grating or grinding sensation felt and sometimes even heard when fractured bone ends rub together.
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Whats the onset of compartment syndrome?
6 - 12 hrs
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Name 4 Serious injuries
- Displaced long bone fractures
- Multiple hand and foot fractures
- Open long bone fractures
- Displaced pelvic fractures
- Dislocations of major joints
- Multiple digit amputations
- Laceration of major nerves and blood vessels
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Name 3 life threatening injuries (survival is probable)
- Multiple closed fractures
- Limb amputations
- Fractures of both long bones of the legs ( bilateral femur fractures)
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Sprains occur when?
When the joint is twisted or stretched beyond normal range of motion
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What do you check before and after splinting?
PMSC
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How would a splint help a fracture?
- 1. Reduces pain and prevents additional injury
- 2. Further damage to muscles, the spinal cord , peripheral nerves, and blood vessels from broken bone ends
- 3. Laceration of the skin by broken bone ends. One of the primary indications for splinting it to prevent a closed fracture from becoming an open fracture (conversion)
- 4. Restriction of distal blood flow resulting from pressure of the bone ends on blood vessels
- 5. Excessive bleeding of the tissues at the injury site caused by broken bone ends.
- 6. Increased pain from movement of bone ends
- 7. Paralysis of extremities resulting from a damaged spine.
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Deformity of a limb
The limb may appear to be shortened
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Contraindications for a traction splint ( know at least 4 for the test)
- Injuries of the upper extremity
- Injuries close to or involving the knee
- Injuries of the hip
- Injuries of the pelvis
- Partial amputations or avulsions with bone separation
- Lower leg, foot, or ankle
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Hazards of improper splinting
- 1.Compression of nerve, tissues and blood vessels
- 2.Delay in transport of a pt with life-threatening injury
- 3.Reduction of distal circulation
- 4.Aggravation of the injury
- 5.Injury to tissue, nerves, blood vessels, or muscles as a result of excessive movement of the bone or joint.
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General splinting
- Immobilize the joints above and below the injured joint
- If pt as signs of shock - align the limb in the normal anatomic position and transport
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Rigid splints
Place padding between the limb and the splint
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Whats the most fractured
Clavicle
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