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pathogens
disease causing with special properties that permit host invasion
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disease
when microogranisms overcome host defeses
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pathology
the study of disease
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infection
invasion and growth of pathoen in a host
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pathogenesis
study of development of disease
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etiology
study of the cause of disease
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animals are germ free
in utero but are colonized almost immediatly after birth
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transients
microorganisms that may occasionally be found associated with the host
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antagunism
normal bacteria prevent growth of others
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symbosis
bacteria and host live together
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commensalism symbosis
one benefits
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mutalism symbosis
both benefit
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parasitism symbosis
one benefits, other is harmed
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opportunistic
do not cause disease normally
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koch's postulate
- establish etiology (cause)
- same pathogen present in very instance of disease
- pathogen isolated in culture
- isolated pathogen causes disease when introduced to a healthy host
- pathogen re isolated from the diesased host
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factors to host susceptablity
- age
- gender
- climate
- level of fatigue
- and nutrition
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disease patterns
- incubation period
- prodominal period
- illness period
- decline period and convalescene period
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incubation period
time between infection and first signs
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prodromal period
first mild signs
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illness period
period when all symptoms are pesent
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human reservoirs
people who have disease or are carriers (infected/no symptoms)
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zoonose reservoirs
wild or domestic animals that transmit disease to humans
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nonliving reservoirs
soil and water
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transmition of disease
- direct contact
- fomites
- droplet
- medium
- airborne
- arthropod
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fomite transmittion
inanimate objects
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droplet transmittion
saliva, mucous coughing, or sneezing
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medium transmition
food water and air
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arthropod transmittion
insect vectors
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nosocomial infection
- acquired during hospitilization or a stay in other health care facilities
- occurs 5-15%
- normal organisms introduced into wrong part of the body during invasive procedures
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compromised host
burns, wounds, immune supressed
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chain of transmition
direct contact and fomites
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crontrol of disease
- aseptic transfer
- cleaning storage
- maintenance
- trained staff
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problems of controling disease
- multiple drug resistance
- nonuse of effective cleaning agents
- training of staff
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