-
alcohol sanatizing gel is a better
disenfectant than antibacterial soap
-
reasons what plates are inoculated upsidown
- moisture trapped and plates stay hydrated
- prevents condensation from dripping onto the agar
-
colony moorphology
describes coloines by size, variation, color and texture
-
aseptic technique
- no contaminants are introduced to specimen
- avoid cross contamination
-
immersion oil
enables the image to be the clearest state and provides contrast
-
heat fixed bateria
adhere to slide and make it accept stains
-
types of stains
- methyl blue
- crystal violet
- safranin
-
-
-
-
gram + are colored
purple
-
-
streak plate
to isolate single colonies
-
tsa slant
solid agar solidified in a tube at a slant
-
tsa broth
contains no agar, liquid that contains nutrients for growing bacteria
-
pellicle growth
scummy layer of material at the top of the liquid
-
sediment growth
cells that have settled to the bottom
-
surface colonies grow better
than embedded colonies becuase they recievce more oxygen and have more room to grow
-
-
urease test
urease breaks down urea to make ammonia and co2
-
urease test pink
- rapid urea hydrolysis and strong urease production
- yellow/orange: -
-
ornithine decarboxylation test
ornithine decarboxylation turns ornithine into putrescine and co2
-
ornithine decarboxylation test puple
- presence of ornithine decarboxylation
- yellow/no color change -
-
phenylalanine deaminase test
phenylalanine deaminase turns phenylanine into phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia
-
phenylalanine deaminase test green
- after adding ferric chloride
- presence of phenylpyruvic acid and phenylalanine deaminase
- yellow-
-
cyseine desulfhydrase test
cyseine desulfhydrase turns cystine into pyruvic acid, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia
-
cyseine desulfhydrase test black
presence of ferrous sulfide, h2s production and cyseine desulfhydrase
-
indole test
tryptophanase turns tryptophan into pyruvic acid, indole and ammonia
-
indole test red
top layer- forms rosindole, presence of indole and tryptophanase
-
oxidation fermentaion test
- sealed and fermentation
- unsealed and oxidation
-
oxidation fermetation green
oxidation, no acid produced
-
oxidation fermetation yellow
- oxidation and fermentation
- top yellow- oxidation and slow fermentation
- produces acid
-
oxidation fermetation blue
incapable of sugar utalization
-
nitrate reduction test
nitrates being reduced to nitrites
-
nitrate reduction red
- organism reduced nitrate to nitrite
- after zinc: pink nitrates reduced
-
oxidase test blue
presence of cytochrome c oxidase
-
catalase test bubbles
presence of catalse and h202 breakdown
-
-
phenylethyl alcohol agar
- allows growth of gram +
- inhibts gram - growth by interfering with the DNA synthesis
-
eosin methylene blue agar
inhibits growth of gram + bacteria
-
eosin methylene blue agar- green
- high acid production, breakdown of sugar
- pink- moderate
- uncolored - none
-
salt agar
- inhibits growth of most bacteria
- staphococcus and micrococcus
- growth observed = salt tolerant bacteria
-
ultra violet radiation froms
- thimine dimers which interfers with DNA replication
- b.pumilis is more sensative to UV than m.luteus
-
disk diffusion test
zone of inhibition: bacteria that are susceptible to a specific drug create a clear zone that appears around the disk where growth has been inhibited
-
bactericidal
kills the organism
-
bacteriostatic
stop growth but doesnt kill
-
the smaller the clearing zone
resistant (2mm)
-
the larger the clearing zone
sensitive (20 mm)
-
-
+pGlo LB/amp
+pGlo LB/amp/ara
- many yellow individual colonies
- 2x the colonies and glow under UV light
-
mutations in DNA
cause the organism to grow uncontrolably caused by UV light.
-
host range
type of cells that a specific phage can infect
-
pathogen
disease causing organism
-
pathogenesis
damaging or altering host cell
-
mannitol salt agar yellow
- presence of acid production/ mannitol fermentation
- red: none
-
salmonella shigela agar yellow
- and black- acid production, sulfate reduction and lactose fermentation
- red- contatins acid and none
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