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Whats is the lifes cycle of Trichuris?
(transmission is via eggs directly consumed) 1. Eggs are consumed directly(eggs need high temp) 2. Eggs hatch and the larval development occurs in the jejunal wall. (larvae incubate 1mo in egg) 3. Adults then ove to the cecum where they mature and reproduce in approximately 11 weeks after ingestion of egg.
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What is the prepatent period from egg ingestion until egg production by the adults in Trichuris?
approximately 3 months
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What are some symptoms of the Trichuris (cecum inhabitant)?
1. weight loss 2. bright blood in feces (small amount) 3. anemia-mild 4. abdominal pain 5. flatulence 6. flank sucking
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What are the 3 forms of Strongyloides?
1. sexual male 2. sexual female 3. Asexual and pathogenic female
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What is Strongyloides known as?
"intestinal Threadworm"
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What are the two common worms of Strongyloides?
Strongyloides stercoralis- dog and Strongyloides tumefaciens- cat
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What is the lifecycle of Strongyloides?
1. after passiing larvae(it will molt two molts to infetive 3rd stage) 2. 3rd stage may penetrate the skin or be consumed 3. 3rd stage larvae will migrate by way of the circulation and lungs, going to intestines as 4th stage larvae 4. 4th will molt to adult in the upper third of the sm. intestine
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When will strongyloides be shed in the feces?
7 to 20 days after the infection
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The rhabditiform larvae was diagnosed using the __ technique.
Baermann
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What 3 possible larvae could be found in fresh feces on a direct or flotation of a dog?
1. S. stercoralis, 2. A. caninum 3. Eucoleus (capillaria) aerophila
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What 3 possible larvae could be found in fresh feces on a direct or flotation of a cat?
1. S. tumefaciens 2. A. tubeformae 3. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
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Lung worms of dogs and cats belong to the Order __ and are basically oviparous (producing eggs in which the embryo develops outside the maternal body)
Triichinellida
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__ and __ are the only parastides of any significance that can be passed as 1st stage larvae as well as in the oviparous form
Lungworms and Strongyloideus
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___ "the fox lungworm" is the lungworm of the dog and fox.
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophila
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__ They can be oviparous, pass larvae, use a direct lifecycle or an indirect lifecycle utilizing an earthworm as a faculative intermediate host
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophila
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Crop worm of poultry
Eucoleus annulata
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__ inflammation of mucosa in ducks
Eucoleus contorta
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What is the indirect life cycle associated with Aleurostrongylus abstrusus?
molluscus is consumed by fish then the fish is consumed by cat, cat is then infected with Aleurostrongylus abstrusus
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What is a clinical sign of a dog infected with Eucoleus aerophila
coughing turning into pneumonia
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Cats infected with Aleurostrongylus will exhibit what signs?
few clinical signs: cough will be followed by dyspnea, anorexia, and fever. Sneezing may be present
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__ another lungworm although it is not a nematode but a trematode, must be differentiated here as it has a natural host in the mink, although we see it most commonly in the south and in Texas.
Paragonimus kellicotti
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What is the lifecycle of Paragonimus kellicotti?
eggs coughed up and swallowed, pass in water and are picked up by the snail, and the crayfish will then eat the snail, and finally the dog with eat the crayfish.
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__ and __ are unlike the other lungworms, because these worms 1st stage larvae is infective
Filaroides osleri and Filaroides hirthi
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What are the 2 things that make Filarodies osleri and Filaroides hirthi unlike the other lungworms?
- 1. 1st stage larvae are infective (do not have to wait for the 2nd and 3rd molt)
- 2. They do not require an intermediate host
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What are some clinical signs of Filarodies osleri and Filaroides hirthi?
cough, to dyspena, to death
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Filaroides osleri is also known as __ and was recovered from a centrifugal zinc sulfate
Oslerus osleri
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This is the first parasite thus discussed that emerges from the host in the larval form (the other is the non-zoonitic lung worm)
Strongyloides
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__ lives in the anterior half of the small intestints but produce bright blood due to the rapid movement through the intestines
Strongyloides
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What is the intermediate host for Eucoleus?
earthworm (direct/indirect) lifecycles
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What is the intermediate host for Aleurostrongylus?
molluscus, fish --> faculative
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What is the intermediate host for Paragonimus?
crayfish
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What is the intermediate host for Filaroides
Does not required intermediate host
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This is the only parasite considered to produce neoplams (tumors), tumors that are malignant esophageal sarcomas (specifically malignant)
Spirocerca lupi
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What is the lifecycle of Spirocerca lupi?
egg--coprophagous beetle-- paratenic host-- dog or cat-- arteries/aorta-- wall of espohagus/stomach
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What are some symptoms of Spirocerca lupi?
vomiting, dysphagia, aortic aneurysm, and esophageal neoplasms. This can lead to secondary pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
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__ is the stomach worm of cats
Physaloptera preputialis
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__ stomach worm of dogs
Physaloptera rara
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Physaloptera looks a lot like ascarids but differ in 5 ways:
- 1. They are in the stomach only
- 2. They are in the shape of a C
- 3. Eggs are almost always in a vermiform stage
- 4. Eggs appear transparent
- 5. They feed on the mucosa and cause bleeding (dark)
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What is the lifecycle of Physaloptera?
- indirect, but very common
- 1. Adults are attached to the mucosa of stomach. 2. Eggs pass out in the feces
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The "eyeworm" of dogs and cats is __
Thelazia californiensis
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__ and __ are intermediate host flies that transmit Thelazia californiensis larvae and eggs from eye to eye
Musca domestic(house fly) and Musca autumnalis (face fly)
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What parasites are found in the brain of the dog?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
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What parasites are found in the heart/lungs of the dog?
- Dirofilaria immits
- Filaroids (Oslerus) osleri
- Filaroids hirhi
- Capilliaria (Eucoleus) aerophila
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What parasites are found in the stomach of the dog?
- Gnathestoma
- Spirocerca
- Physaloptera
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What parasites are found in the small intestines of the dog?
- Toxocara canis
- Toascaris leonina
- Unicinaria stenocephala
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Dipylidium caninum
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Taenia (ovia, serialis, multiceps, hydatigena, pisiformis)
- Isospora canis
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What parasites are found in the cecum & colon of the dog?
Trichuris vulpis
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What parasites are found in the bladder of the dog?
Capillaria (Parasenum) plica
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What parasites are found in the form of fleas on the dog?
- Ctenocephalides canis
- Ctenocephalides felis
- Echidnophaga
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What parasites are found in the form of ticks on the dog?
- Ixodes
- Dermacenter
- Rhiocephalus sanguinus
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What parasites are found in the form of lice on the dog?
- Trchodectes canins
- Linognathus selosus
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What parasites are found in the form of mites on the dog?
- Demodex canins
- Otodectes cynotis
- Sarcoptes scabei
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What parasites are found in the form of flies on the dog?
Cuterebra spp (larvae)
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What parasites are found in the lungs in the cat?
- Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
- Capillaria (Eucoleus) aerophila
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What parasites are found in the stomach in the cat?
Physaloptera
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What parasites are found in the small intestines in the cat?
- Toxocara cati
- Toxascaris leonia
- Ancylostoma tubaeforme
- Unicinarai stenocephala
- Echinoccus multiocularis
- Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis
- Dipylidium caninum
- Isospora spp.
- Toxoplasma gondii
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