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Connects bones to bones
ligaments
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Connects muscles to bones
tendons
-
Name the involuntary muscle of internal organs
smooth muscle
-
Name for involuntary, striated, heart muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Name for voluntary, striated muscle
Skeletal Muscle
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Organ that compacts digestive wastes and reabsorbs water
large int.
-
Organ that churs food and adds enzymes
Stomach
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Organ that finishes digestion and absorbs the nutrients
Small int.
-
increases the intestine's surface area for absorption- tiny 'fuzzy things"
villi
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Makes bile, stores sugar, makes urea
liver
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Makes enzymes for the small int. ( but food never goes into it)
pancreas
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Stores bile and releases it
gall bladder
-
Takes food from mouth to stomach
esophogus
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Valve to keep food from going backwards in digestive system
sphincter
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Waves of smooth muscle contraction that push food along the digestion sys.
peristalsis
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Blood cell that causes clotting
platelet
-
Blood cell that defends against disease
WBC
-
Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
RBC
-
protective sac around the heart
perecardium
-
Organ that filters out damaged and worn out blood cells
spleen
-
Heart chamber that gets blood from the body
R atrium
-
Heart chamber that gets blood from the lungs
L atrium
-
Heart chamber that pumps blood into the lungs
R ventricle
-
heart chamber that pumps blood to the lower body
L ventricle
-
Largest artery that goes to entire lower body
aorta
-
Largest vein that comes up the entire lower body
IVC
-
Second largest vein that comes down from the entire body
SVC
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Voice box that has vocal cords inside it
Larynx
-
Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder
ureter
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Spindle fibers appear
Prophase
-
New cell wall or cell membrane froms
Telophase
-
Chromosomes line up at the cell's center
Metaphase
-
Short chromosomes become long, stringy chromatin
Telophase
-
Chromosomes are pulled into two seprate groups
anaphase
-
DNA makes a copy of itself
Interphase
-
Spindle fibers disappear
Telophase
-
Long, stringy chromatin becomes short chromosomes
prophase
-
Carries code from DNA to the ribosomes- ribosomes "read it"
mRNA
-
Any molecules that is a long chain of amino acids
protein
-
Master blueprint- makes all of the RNA of the cell
DNA
-
Picks up amino acids and puts them into place in a protein
tRNA
-
Molecule that ribosomes are made out of
rRNA
-
Protein that causes or controls the reactions in a living thing
enzyme
-
List the 8 systems found in a human or a mink
- Sketetal
- Circulatory
- Excretory
- Muscular
- Digestive
- Respiratory
- Nervous
- Reproductive
-
List three functions of the skeletal or muscular system
- Movement
- Form/Shape
- Store/Release Minerals
-
List three different kinds of muscle found in the body
-
The most common kind of muscle has a very reconizable appearance under the microscope. Describe it
Skelatal muscle is straited (striped)
-
Name three digestive organisms that food never goes into or through
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
-
peristalsis
waves of smooth muscle contraction that push food along the digestive sys.
-
Where do you find villi? What do they do?
- Villi are inside the small int.
- They absorb food into the blood and gives the small int. a huge surface area
-
Name three functions of the circulatory system
-
What happends in the alveoli?
gas exchange
-
What does your body do with the oxygen that is carried to every cell?
for aerobic respiration
-
excretion
removing waste made by the cells
-
metabolism
all the reactions happening in the cells
-
homeostasis
a balence of the internal enviorment of an organism
-
What is the name of the major organ of the excretory system?
kidney
-
Why is the large intestine NOT a true excretory organ?
the waste (feces) in the large int. never went to the cells and came back again
-
Name three functions of the brain and nervous system
-
What is the largest part of the brain?
cerebrum
-
Second largest part of the brain?
cerebellum
-
Meninges
surrounds and covers the brain
-
Pericardium
surrounds and covers the heart
-
Mesentary
holds the intestines in place
-
Reduces friction inside the body wall and outside of the stomach, intestines, ect.
peritoneum
-
beginning of the universe
14-15 billion
-
formation of earth and solar system
4.6 billion
-
appearence of first living thing ( cell)
3.5 billion
-
time of the dinosaurs
225-65 billion
-
appearence of modern humans
200,000
-
4 kinds of evolution and defonitions
- micro- small changes in living things over a short period of time
- macro- big changes in living things that happen over long period of time
- chemical- changes in molecules to eventually form life
- cosmic- changes in the universe to produce atoms, stars, galaxies ect.
-
Example of microevolution
peppered moths
-
Example of macro evolution
Dinos to everyday mammels
-
5 parts of the theory of natural selection
- overpopulation
- variation
- competition
- survival of the fittest
- reproduction of survivors
-
What is the job of NADP?
it stores and releases hydrogen
-
Reaction of photosynthesis
light+Co2+H2O --> glucose +oxygen
-
What is the job of ATP?
Stores and releases energy
-
-
-
-
-
How are mitosis and protein synthesis related?
- 1. Mitosis makes cells with DNA, so they can do protein synthesis
- 2. protein synthesis may cause a cell to grow so much that mitosis becomes nessary
-
What purposes does your body do mitosis for?
growth and replacement
-
What makes one protein different from another?
- 1. the order
- 2. the amount
- 3. the combo
- 4. all of the above
-
Mendel's laws
- 1. genes must work in pairs
- 2. egg/ sperm get one gene per pair
- 3. dominate genes cover recessive ones
- 4. genes for one trait does NOT affect ratios for other traits
-
What are the 4 characteristics that makes mitosis differnent from meiosis?
- makes 2 cells
- that are diploid
- that are daughter cells
- that are identical
-
What are the 4 characteristics that makes meiosis differnent from mitosis?
- makes 4 cells
- that are non identical
- that are monoploid
- that are gamates
-
Who developed the modern classification system for living things?
Linneaus
-
What was the title of Linneaus's book and when was it published?
Natural Systems, 1735
-
List the 5 kindoms
Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protista, Monera
-
What language is used for scientific names and why?
Latin, its a dead language and not ever changing
-
Why are scientific names used?
- Show relationships
- avoid confusion-having universal names
-
name 5 organisms that have a scientific name that is als a common name?
alligator, bison, octopus, rhinoceros, boa
-
How does an evolutionist use scientific names?
to show what evolved from what and how long ago
-
How does a creationist use scientific names?
show that God created in an organized way
-
Who is the father of genetics?
gregor mendal
-
Who developed the therory fro natural selection?
Charles Darwin
-
photosynthesis
process in which a plant uses light to make glucose
-
respiration
process in which the plant uses glucose for energy
-
fermentation
type of anarobic respiration that makes the waste ethanol
-
glycolysis
animal muscles that aren't getting enough energy
-
aerobic
getting energy out of glucose by ADDING OXYGEN
-
anaerobic
getting energy out of glucose WITHOUT OXYGEN
-
autotroph
organism that can make food
-
heterotroph
organism that cannot make its own food
-
herbivore
organism that eats plants
-
carnivore
organism that eats meat
-
decomposer
organism that causes decay
-
transcription
DNA making RNA
-
translation
RNA makes proteins
-
replication
DNA making DNA
-
-
chromosome
basic unit of DNA
-
gene
piece of chromosome that controls a single trait
-
fertilization
egg and sperm combine to make offspring
-
phenotype
the way a trait looks
-
genotype
list of genes in an organism
-
pure
2 genes in a pair that are the same
-
hybrid
2 genes in a pair that are different
-
dominant
gene that covers up another gene in a pair
-
recessive
gene that gets covered up by another gene in a pair
-
Punnett square
method of finding outcome of offspring
-
diploid
norml # of chromosomes
-
monoploid
1/2 the normal # fo chromosomes
-
Human Genome Project
list of all ATCG's that are in a human cell
-
totipotent
cell htat has the ability to make a whole organism
-
cloning
making a new organism from an existing one
-
karyotype
picture of all chromosomes from one nucleus cronged in order
-
stem cell
cells that can become any cell or tissue in the body
-
transgenic organim
organism with gene(s) from different species
-
Australopithecus
earliest known hominid species
-
Olduvai Gorge
place where Lucy was found
-
Galapagos Islands
place where Charles Darwin studied
-
On the Orgin of Species
title of Charles Darwin's book
-
Big Bang
current scientific explanation of the begining of the universe
-
primate
the order of mammels that includes lemers, monkeys, apes, and humans
-
hominid
family of primaes that only include humans
-
taxonomy
science of classifying using a set of characteristics
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