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taxonomy
science of describing, naming, & classifying o/g
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Who is credited w/creating our current classification system?
Carlous Linnaeus
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binomial nomenclature
- system of naming o/g by giving them 2 scientific names
- Genus & species
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What are the 3 mammalian spieces?
marsupials, monotremes, placenta
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Kingdom Animalia
multicellular, heterotrophs, movement
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Phylum Chordata
- spine, notochord
- "vertebraes"
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Class Mammalia
give birth to live young, hair, warm blooded
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Order Primate
eyes face forward, opposable thumbs
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Family Homindae
large, little hair on face, fingernails, fingerprints
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Genus Homo
bipedal, reduced hair on bodies, throats designed for language
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Species Sapiens
wise, thinking
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bilateral symmetry
can be cut in half into two equal parts when cut down the middle
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asymmetrical
CANNOT be cut into two equal parts
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radial symmetry
body radiates from a central point
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Why use Latin?
- 1) all educated people studied Latin
- 2) it was a "universal" language that gapped language barriers
- 3) it was a "dead" language no one spoke, so meanings didn't change
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taxonomic heirarchy
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fat Green Stools
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mammalia Monotremes
- lay eggs like reptiles
- sweat milk from mammary glands
- (platypus)
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mammalia Marsupials
- pouch
- nipple in pouch
- (kangaroo, koala)
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mammalia Placentals
- uterus
- nourished through placenta
- (Humans)
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order Atriodactyla
- even toed hooves
- herbivores
- (sheep, pigs, cows, giraffes, goats, deer)
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order Carnivora
- sharp canine teeth
- molars
- (cats, dogs, bears, raccoons, etc)
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order cetacea
- ceta= whale
- front legs are fin like
- no hind legs
- blubber
- (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
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order Chiroptera
- chiro=hand
- ptera=wing, feather
- webbed fingers
- special teeth for insects/fruit
- (bats)
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order Edentata
- reduced or no teeth
- (sloths, anteaters, armadillos)
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order Insectivora
- vora=to eat, devour
- eat insects
- (moles, shrews, hedgehogs)
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order Lagoporpha
- lagos=hare
- chisel-like teeth
- hind legs modified for jumping
- heares have longer ears & legs than rabbits
- (hares, rabbits)
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order Perissodactyla
- odd toed hooves
- herbivores
- (horse, tapir, rhinos)
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order Primates
- opposable thumbs
- eyes face forward
- (lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans)
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order Proboscidae
- long, muscular trunks
- thick, loose skin
- upper incisors are tusks
- (elephants)
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order Rodentia
- roden=gnaw
- chisel like, constantly growing teeth (incisors)
- (squirrels, beavers, rats, porcupines, guinea pigs, mice)
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order Sirenia
- aquatic
- herbivores
- front legs are fin like
- no hind legs
- (manatees)
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class Agnatha
- a=without
- gnatho=jaw
- no jaws
- eel shaped
- prey on fish
- (lampreys)
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class Amphibia
- amphi=on both sides
- eggs have no shells so sperm can swim
- must develop in water
- exothermic
- (frogs, newts, salamanders)
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class Aves
- avi=bird
- feathers
- endothermic
- scales on feet
- (birds)
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class Chondrichthyes
- jaws
- cartilage skeleton
- paired fins
- (sharks, rays)
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class Osteichthyes
- jaws
- bony skeleton
- paired fins
- (fish we eat)
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class Reptilia
- dry, scaly skin
- breathe by lungs
- leathery shelled eggs
- (snakes, turtles, lizards, crocodiles)
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class Mammalia
- hair on part or all of body
- warm blooded
- mammary glands
- endothermic
- (humans, rodents, whales, bats)
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family Lemuridae
- arboreal
- aka "prosimians", meaning pre-primates or before monkeys
- diurnal, meaning awake during day & asleep at night
- can't hang from trees by tails
- (lemurs native to Madagascar)
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family Callitrichidae
- arboreal
- monogamous, meaning stays w/1 mate forever
- very small
- often give birth to fraternal twins or triplets
- (marmosets, tamarins naive to Central & South America)
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family Cebidae aka New World Monkeys
- arboreal
- herbivores
- fingernails
- have scent glands
- some species have prehensile tails
- (spider & squirrel monkeys)
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family Cercophithecidae aka Old World Monkeys
- distinct facial structures
- have tails, not prehensive
- opposable thumbs
- omnivores
- fingernails
- (baboons)
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family Hylobatidae aka Lesser Apes
- smaller
- don't build nests or bushes
- no tails
- long arms
- arboreal
- (gibbons & siamangs)
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family Homindae aka Great Apes
- fingernails
- no tails
- big bodies
- long adolescence
- build nests or bushes
- little hair on face
- (gorillas, chimps, humans, orangutangs)
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