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What is the knee supported and maintained by?
mm. and ligaments, lacks bony structure
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What are the 3 joints of the knee?
- patellofemoral
- tibiofemoral
- superior tibiofibular
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What are the articulations of the patellofemoral jt?
patella articulates with patellar surface of femur
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What are some characteristics of the patellofemoral jt?
- increases mechanical advantage of quads
- protects knee jt
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What are some common Dx of the patellofemoral jt?
- patellofemoral syndrome
- patellar chondromalacia
- patellar tracking dysfunction
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What is the true knee jt, and what type of jt is it?
tibiofemoral
- synovial, uniaxial, hinge
- largest jt in body
condyles of femur articulate with superior tibia
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What type of jt is the superior tibiofibular jt?
syndesmosis, ligamentous
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What side of the body is the tibia on?
medial side
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What is the enlarges proximal end of the tibia, and includes condyles and eminence?
tibial plateau
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What is the intercondyler eminence of the tibia?
- double hilled ridge down center of plateau (top of tibia)
- prominent ridge on proximal/superior tibia
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What is the tibial tuberosity and what condition is seen here?
lg projection on proximal tibia
Osgood-Schlatter - young boys/girls (11-15) get pain and swelling at TT (aka jumpers knee)...happens during growth spurts
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What runs the anterior length of the tibia (skinny part that sticks out)?
crest
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Which bone bears all the weight of the LE?
tibia...fibula is NWB
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What is the fibular head the attachment for?
biceps femoris (HS group)
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What is the superior portion of the patella?
base
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What is the inferior portion of the patella?
apex
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What is the attachment for the gastrocnemius m?
calcaneus
most posterior tarsal bone, heel
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What are some characteristics of the cruciate ligaments?
- located within the jt capsule
- cross each other
- provide stability in the sagittal plane
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What ligament runs from the anterior tibia to the posterior femur and prevents ant. tibial displacement?
anterior cruciate ligament
(ant. tibial intercondylar area to post. lateral condyle of femur)
- runs superior and posterior
- tight during extension
- injured by plant and twist
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What ligament runs from the post. tibia to ant. femur and prevents posterior displacement of the tibia?
posterior cruciate ligament
- (post. intercondylar area to ant. medial condyle of femur)
- runs superior and anterior
- tight during flexion
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In what plane do the collateral ligaments give stability?
frontal plane
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When are the collateral ligaments tight?
during extension
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Where is the medial collateral lig?
tibial collateral
- attaches to medial condyles of femur and tibia and to medial meniscus
- broad and flat
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Where is the lateral collateral lig?
fibular collateral
- attaches to lateral condyle of femur and runs down to the head of the fibula
- no attachment to menisci
- strong, seldom injured
- round, cord-like
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What is the common tendon for the quads, and attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
patellar tendon/lig
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Where are the menisci located?
fibrocartilagnous discs on the superior surface of tibia
- used for shock absorption
- deepens jt surface
- thicker laterally
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Which menisci is torn more frequently?
- medial meniscus
- attachment to medial collateral lig
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What are the 2 menisci of the knee?
medial and lateral
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How many bursae are in the knee?
13 - many tendons have a vertical line of pull against bony areas
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What is the unholy triad (unhappy triad)?
tear of ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
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What is the order of the pes anserine mm. anterior to medial?
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
all share insertion and cross knee posteriorly and medially
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What arises from the tendon of the adductor magnus?
VMO (vastus medialis oblique)
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