The cartilage of the acetabulum is 'C' shaped with the opening facing downwards (omega shaped). What is the name given to the inferior facing opening?
C) Acetabular Notch
Acetabular Fossa = A depressed area in the floor of the acetabulum above the acetabular notch
Acetabular Notch = in the medial part of the rim of the acetabulum
c =
Fovea Capitus = a fovea on the head of the femur, where the round ligament is attached.
The acetabular labrum is a fibrocartilagenous structure attached to the periphery of the acetabulum that helps to deepen it and to hold the femoral head in position. It bridges the opening referred to in question one. Here it is called...
C) Transverse acetabular ligament
Median Arcruate Ligament = connects crura of the diaphragm
Ligament of Bigalow = a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints.
The ischiofemoral ligament reinforces the hip joint capsule posteriorly and primarily limits which movement...
A) extension
iliofemoral - Prevents hyperextension of hip; screws the head of the femur into the acetabulum to help strengthen and stabilize the joint; is a Y-shaped ligament that covers most of hte anterior aspect of the coxofemoral joint
Pubofemoral - checks hyperabduction; aids in preventing hyperextension of hip; strengthens the anterior and inferior parts of the capsule
Which of the two following motions of the hip is considered to have a range of motion of about 30 degrees?
a) Adduction
b) Extension
c) External rotation
d) Flexion
Adduction & External Rotation
Which range of motion of the hip is considered to be the least?
D) Extension
Which of the following muscles is not considered to contribute to medial hip rotation?
C) Gmax
Which two of the following are attachment points for the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?
a) Head of fibula
b) Lateral femoral epicondyle
c) Lateral tibial plateau
d) Lateral lip of the linea aspera
a) head of fib
b) Lateral femoral epicondyle
Which of the following is false with regard to the medial collateral ligament of the knee?
C) It is a cord like structure
Which of the following is false with regard to the lateral meniscus of the knee?
D) It is attached via the joint capsule to the lateral collateral ligament
Which of the following is true with regard to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?
B) Helps prevent anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
What is the name given to the aponeurosis on the top of the head?
B) Galea aponeurotica - the aponeurosis connecting the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.
Which of the following muscles is not part of the 'epicranius'?
A) Temporalis
What is the action of the Levator Palpabrae Superioris?
D) Raises the eye lid
Closes eye - obiccularis occuli
Raises eye brows - Frontalis
Raises upper lip - Levator labii superioris
Which of the following muscles causes the nostrils to flare and constrict?
A) Nasalis
Procerus - functions to draw down the eyebrows and wrinkle the nose.
Which of the following muscles does not cause movement of the eyebrows?
C) Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Which of the following muscles does not elevate the upper lip?
a) Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi
b) Levator Labii Superioris
c) Mentalis
d) Zygomatic Minor
c) Mentalis - rasises and protrudes the lower lip to express doubt
Which of the following muscles derives its name from the Latin word for Trumpet?
A) Buccinator
Which of the following means pertaining to the lip?
D) Labial
Mental - Of or relating to the mind
Palpebral - An eyelid
Which of the following cranial nerves supplies all the muscles of facial expression?
C) VII
III - Oculomotor - Innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique.
V - Trigeminal - innervates the muscles of mastication
XII - Hypoglossal - Provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue
Which emotion does the depressor anguli oris help to express?
Sadness
Which of the following is not part of the erector spinae?
C) Splenis
I LOVE SEX
I-L-S
Which of the following is positioned most laterally on the back?
B) Iliocostalis
Which of the following does not arise from the common origin of the erector spinae group?
C) Iliocostalis Thoracis
Which of the following is not part of the transversospinalis group?
B) Spinalis
Of the transversospinalis group, which are the longest?
A) Rotatores
Of the transversospinalis group, which are divided into subgroups by length/depth?
a) Multifidus
b) Rotatores
c) Spinalis
d) Semispinalis
a & b
Generally speaking, what osseous structures are the points of attachment for the longissimus group?
B) Transverse processes and ribs
Which two of the following do not have a 'capitus' sub grouping?
B) Iliocostalis
c) Rotatores
Which of the following does not help form the suboccipital triangle?
A) Rectus capitus posterior minor
Which of the following primarily causes rotation of the upper cervical complex?
B) Obliquus capitus inferior
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration. It is dome shaped at rest. What is the name given to its aponeurotic apex?
D) Central tendon
The diaphragm descendes during the initial stage of inspiration. What structures limit it's downward movement?
B) Oesophegeal hiatus
Crus - two fibromuscular bands that arise from the lumbar vertebrae and insert into the central tendon of the diaphragm.
Medial arcruate ligament - connects the right and left crura of diaphragm
Pericardium - the thin, sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart
Which of the following apertures is most posteriorly placed in the diaphragm?
C) Aortic Aperture
Which two of the following structures give rise to the median arcruate ligament which, in turn, forms the aortic aperture?
B) Left crus
d) Right crus
Concentric contraction of the diaphragm increases the internal dimensions of the thorax in which direction?
C) Vertically
The serratus posterior superior lays deep to which of the following muscles?
B) Rhomboids Minor/Major
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle of inspiration?
C) Transversus thoracis
Which of the following muscles arises from the TP's of C7-T11 and inserts into the rib below?
B) Levator Costales
Which of the following is not a muscle of inspiration?
D) Levator Scap
Which of the following muscles, involved in respiration, is located inside the thoracic cavity?
